Dugong foraging & shark density

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Presentation transcript:

Dugong foraging & shark density Solid circles = deep, open circles = shallow for dugongs

Which model best predicted density?

Contrast a Seagrass system near people e.g., southern Florida Near extinction of manatees large sharks sea turtles Addition of coastal development altered hydrology increased nutrient input

Problems in Florida Bay seagrass

Changes in seagrass beds

Complexity in habitats: e.g., Big Pine Key

Complexity in distributions of organisms

Heterogeneous communities

Changes in local development

Regional Patterns: Sampling Levels

Fresh water & nutrient inputs increase chlorophyll concentrations in water

P or N nutrient limitation varies

Dry season patterns of chlorophyll

Wet season patterns of chlorophyll

Larry Brand 2000 http://www.reefrelief.org/main.html: An Evaluation of the Scientific Basis for "Restoring" Florida Bay by Increasing Freshwater Runoff from the Everglades “Taken together, these data suggest that nutrients from Everglades-agriculture runoff are being transported to not just Florida Bay, but also the Florida Keys and coral reefs, and contributing to their eutrophication.”

“Red Tide” sampling areas http://www.ncddc.noaa.gov/website/HABSOS_nrt/top.htm

Densities of “red tide” dinoflagellates

Karenia brevis, the alga that causes red tide

Karenia and its community context Source: http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/whathabs/whathabs.html

The devastaing effects of HABs are frequently seen on the west coast of Florida where the proliferation of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve can result in massive fish kills, closure of shellfish beds due to NSP and skin and respiratory irritation to humans at the seashore.

Mammals and birds also are affected

Increasing frequency of HAB Sellner et al. 2003. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 30: 383-406

Anthropogenic effects?

transport

natural nutrient “loading”

Questions to consider Are HAB “natural”? Does the answer influence our response? If causes are complex, should we give up on attempts to improve the situation? What strategies might be applied?