Galactic Astronomy 銀河物理学特論 I Lecture 1-4: Dynamical structures of galaxies Seminar: Cappellari et al. 2006, MNRAS, 366, 1126 Lecture: 2011/10/24

Dynamical structure of Elliptical Galaxies　: Faber-Jackson relation, Fundamental Plane The relation between luminosity and velocity dispersion of Elliptical galaxy is called Faber-Jackson relation. There is a significant scatter in the relation, and if size is also included as the 3rd parameter, the scatter is smaller (Fundamental plane). Kormendy & Djorgovski 1989, ARAA, 27, 235

Dynamical structure of elliptical galaxies: Collision-less Boltzmann equation (無衝突ボルツマン方程式) Velocity moment = Jeans equation Spatial moment = Virial theorem Fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies is basically consistent with the Virial theorem

Dynamical structure of Elliptical galaxies: rotation and dispersion Luminous elliptical galaxies (white circles) have larger ellipticity than that can be explained with the effect of rotation. The ellipticity is thought to be due to the non-isotropic velocity dispersion of luminous elliptical galaxies. On the contrary, fainter elliptical galaxies (black circles) have the ratio between rotation and velocity dispersion as large as that is necessary to explain the observed ellipticity. Davies et al. 1983, ApJ, 266, 41

Dynamical structure of elliptical galaxies: Relations between V/sigma and other observables. Kormendy & Djorgovski 1989, ARAA, 27, 235

Detailed dynamical structure: SAURON survey: Mapping central regions of galaxies with “integral field spectroscopy” (3-dimensional spectroscopy). In SAURON survey, the integral field spectrograph using microlens array is attached to the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope and observed 48 elliptical and S0 galaxies in the nearby universe. Bacon et al. 2001, MNRAS, 326, 23

SAURON datasets 48 E and S0s Emsellem et al. 2004, MNRAS, 352, 721c Gaussian-Hermite profile: Riffel 2010

SAURON datasets: Kinematical classification, decoupled-core Lambda = <R V> / <R sqrt( V^2 + R^2 )> <> Lumoinosity weighted sky average Emsellem et al. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 401

Dynamical structure of Elliptical galaxies: rotation and dispersion Recent update with SAURON results. The observed quantities are shown with numbers (NGC name). The diamonds represents the value after the correction of inclination. Isotropic velocity dispersion models (green) and models with including effects of non-isotropic velocity dispertion (blue). Even for fast-rotating Ellipticals, effects of non-isotropic velocity dispersion is necessary. Cappellari et al. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 418

Dynamical structure of spiral galaxies: Tully-Fisher Relation: The relation between luminosity and circular velocity measured with the HI 21cm line. The relation becomes tighter if the luminosity is measure in longer wavelength. Pierce & Tully 1992, ApJ, 387, 47

Dynamical structure of spiral galaxies : Tully-Fisher Relation: Examined the relations between velocity – luminosity – size with larger sample of spiral galaxies. The relation is tight bewteen velocity and luminosity = Tully-Fisher relation. Courteau et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 203

Dynamical structure of spiral galaxies: Tully-Fisher Relation: Baryonic (Stars + Gas) Tully-Fisher relation McGaugh et al. 2000, ApJ, 533, L99