From first to latest imaging technology: Revisiting the first mummy investigated with X- ray in 1896 by using dual-source computed tomography Stephanie.

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From first to latest imaging technology: Revisiting the first mummy investigated with X- ray in 1896 by using dual-source computed tomography Stephanie Zesch, Stephanie Panzer, Wilfried Rosendahl, John W. Nance, Stefan O. Schönberg, Thomas Henzler European Journal of Radiology Open Volume 3, Pages 172-181 (January 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002 Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Photography of the bandaged ancient Egyptian child mummy from the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History in Frankfurt a.M. (inventory number ÄS 18). European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Reproduction of the historical X-ray image of the child mummy’s knees (© German Röntgen Museum, Remscheid-Lennep, Germany). The image shows the mirror-inverted perspective of the knees, which happened when the negative image was transferred into positive. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Thick mean intensity coronal multi-planar reconstruction of the lower extremities of the mummy. The image shows the body in the correct anatomical position. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Coronal whole body multi-planar reconstruction. The densely wrapped bandages are well preserved (a) and the skeleton of the mummy is completely preserved (b). Image (a) represents a coronal thick mean intensity projection whereas image (b) represents a thick maximum intensity projection. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Sagittal multi-planar reformation (a) and sagittal volume rendering reconstruction with plane clipping (b) demonstrates shrunken brain remnants of the child mummy within the posterior cranial fossa and within the cervical spinal canal. Image (a) also demonstrates the Pectus excavatum deformity. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Identified inner organs within the abdominal and thoracic cavity of the mummy. The white asterisk shows the well-preserved liver (a); the white arrow indicates the shrunken heart (b). European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Volume rendering reconstructions of the mummy’s dentition status. Tooth development and eruption of the child in overview (a) and detail (b) indicate an age at death from four to five years. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Multi-planar 2D-reconstruction of the desiccated penis (white arrow). European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Sagittal multi-planar reconstruction of the thorax. The white arrow indicates a soft tissue depression of the thorax and a s-form configuration of the sternum, which is identified as a congenital Pectus excavatum deformity. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 10 3D volume rendering (a) and multi-planar reconstruction (b) of a longitudinal cleft in the ventral cortical bone of both femora from the lesser trochanter to the distal metaphysis. Image (b) further shows Harris lines within the left distal femur (white triangle). European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 11 3D volume rendering illustrating hyperdense structures below the outer bandages, directly on the mummy’s face extending from the supraorbital margins to the chin (a), and the facial skeleton below (b). European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 172-181DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.07.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions