A Powerpoint slide show adapted by Mr. Zindman Photosynthesis and Respiration Wow! A Powerpoint slide show adapted by Mr. Zindman

All living things need to take in or produce nutrients (food) in order to survive. Plants are able to make their own food. For this reason, plants are known as producers. Organisms, such as plants, that can produce food are also known as autotrophs. Organisms that cannot produce food are known as heterotrophs. Heterotrophs must take in food and nutrients in order to survive. How do plants make food?

Photosynthesis produces glucose, oxygen, and energy! A process through which autotrophs such as green plants make their own food, a simple sugar (glucose), is called photosynthesis. The simple sugar that was produced is then converted into complex carbohydrates, such as starches, for storage. As you can see in the drawing on the next slide, the plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil. These are the raw materials that are needed in order for photosynthesis to take place. Photosynthesis produces glucose, oxygen, and energy!

Light energy converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen + glucose in photosynthesis!

Plants need glucose for energy! The end product of photosynthesis is sugar, which is stored. The waste product of photosynthesis is oxygen, which is released through the leaves of the plant. Although photosynthesis takes place in a series of steps, the process can be summarized in a chemical equation. As you can see in the equation below, it takes six molecules of carbon dioxide to make one molecule of sugar. Plants need glucose for energy!

The energy for the process of photosynthesis itself comes from light The energy for the process of photosynthesis itself comes from light. Plants are able to capture light energy because they contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is found in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Here, energy from light is absorbed by chlorophyll and stored in sugar. Plants cannot use light energy directly to carry out life processes. Instead, when plants need energy, they break down the sugar that was produced in photosynthesis. Cool chlorophyll

Respiration Cellular Respiration As a result of photosynthesis, chemical energy is stored in carbohydrates and other compounds. Living organisms use this energy to run activities within cells. The energy in food is released for use by the cells through the process of cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, sugar and other food molecules are broken down to release energy in the presence of oxygen. Cellular respiration is said to be an aerobic process because it requires oxygen.

Now I know how plants get energy! Like photosynthesis, cellular respiration takes place in many steps. The process can be summarized in a chemical equation: Now I know how plants get energy! If you look closely at the equations for photosynthesis and respiration, you'll notice that respiration is essentially the opposite of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to sugar and oxygen. Respiration uses sugar and oxygen to release energy and releases carbon dioxide and water as wastes.

Fermentation is an anaerobic process If oxygen is not present, some organisms are able to carry out a simple form of respiration called fermentation. Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be an anaerobic process. Fermentation is a way for organisms to continue releasing energy while oxygen is not available. Fermentation does not break down the sugar completely, so it does not release as much energy as cellular respiration does.

Undersea bacteria use chemosynthesis Chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of substances such as carbon dioxide, along with different nutrients, into food through the oxidation of substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, or methane as a source of energy. Essentially, these substances provide the energy that sunlight provides during photosynthesis. Large populations of organisms are supported by chemosynthetic producers deep in the ocean. Chemoautotrophs, organisms that obtain carbon through chemosynthesis, are the main producers in environments with little or no oxygen. Many chemosynthetic microorganisms are consumed by other organisms in the ocean, which makes them a very important part of the environment. Undersea bacteria use chemosynthesis

Underdog, substances are broken down in a process called metabolism! Many functions of living things are chemical reactions. Cells take in the materials they need and use some of them for energy. This process breaks down large molecules into smaller ones. Other materials are used for growth and repair of cells. This process combines smaller molecules to make larger ones. Metabolism describes all the processes in a living cell in which substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances that are necessary for life are synthesized. The rate at which metabolism occurs depends on temperature. The metabolic rate of ectotherms varies with body temperature. When the environment is cool, the animal's metabolic rate is low, and the animal tends to be sluggish. Endotherms have a high rate of metabolism and can be active under a variety of conditions.

I did not know that your metabolism changes as you get older Metabolism varies in animals over time. For example, older animals generally tend to have a slower metabolism than do younger animals. Diet can also affect metabolism. An animal that does not get enough to eat will have a slower metabolism and less energy for life functions. This is because the body, facing a low amount of food and nutrients, will respond by burning energy at a slower rate.

Yes Chumley, the end is here! Powerpoint adapted by Mr. Zindman www.mrzindman.com Yes Chumley, the end is here!