The Civil War:1861-65

Lincoln’s response to Sumter

“A House Divided”

Northern Advantages

Southern Advantages

Civil War Technology Minié Ball

Repeating Rifles

Grape/Canister Shot

Medical Practices

Naval Technology

Balloons

Early strategies of war: 1861–1862 ●First Battle of Bull Run/Manassas (July 21, 1861)

Map 2

Strategies for both sides

The war in the West The War in the West *after first Manassas the war in the east became a bit of a stalemate as both sides spent time preparing *meanwhile the war in the west was heating up *Confederate forces in Kentucky were being pushed out by Ulysses S. Grant *in Tennessee Grant captures two key forts, Henry and Donelson, which give him access to the Tennessee river Shiloh *after these two victories Grant chases the Confederates to the border of Mississippi *on April 6, 1862 the Confederates launched a surprise attack on Grant at Shiloh in Tennessee and pinned him up against the Tennessee River *their leader, Albert Sydney Johnston, was killed and his subordinate halted the attack on Grant till the next morning *that night Grant received reinforcements via the river and the Confederates found themselves outnumber and were forced to retreat back into Mississippi *it was the costliest Battle in American History up to this point with 24,000 casualties suffered *and just to illustrate how politics hamstrung the Union Army, Grant, who was accused of being drunk at the battle, was replaced by Halleck *Lincoln however refused to fire Grant because he argued that, “This man fights” *is considered one of the turning points of the war because eventually Grant would force Lee to surrender *also proved how good Lincoln was a brilliant judge of character *Grant had been a complete failure throughout his life *failed businessman and went bankrupt *became an alcoholic *smoke 20 cigars a day and reeked *looked homeless all the time *tremendous leader however

Texans in the Military ●John Bell Hood ●Albert Sydney Johnston

McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson: Valley Campaign

Lee takes command

Second Bull Run/Second Manassas (August 30, 1862)

Antietam/Sharpsburg (September 17, 1862)

Fredericksburg (December 13, 1862)

The end of 1862

Tide turns against Confederacy ●Battle of Chancellorsville (May 1-5, 1863)

Gettysburg/Vicksburg (July 1-3, 1863)

Defeat of Confederacy: 1864

William Tecumseh Sherman: Sherman’s March to the Sea

Appomattox Courthouse ,April 9, 1865

Lincoln’s Assassination: April 12, 1865