Georg Loss, PhD, Martin Depner, PhD, Laurien H. Ulfman, PhD, R. J

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Consumption of unprocessed cow's milk protects infants from common respiratory infections Georg Loss, PhD, Martin Depner, PhD, Laurien H. Ulfman, PhD, R.J. Joost van Neerven, PhD, Alexander J. Hose, MPH, Jon Genuneit, MD, Anne M. Karvonen, PhD, Anne Hyvärinen, PhD, Vincent Kaulek, PhD, Caroline Roduit, MD, Juliane Weber, MD, Roger Lauener, MD, Petra Ina Pfefferle, PhD, DrPH, Juha Pekkanen, MD, PhD, Outi Vaarala, MD, PhD, Jean-Charles Dalphin, MD, PhD, Josef Riedler, MD, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, MD, Erika von Mutius, MD, Markus J. Ege, MD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 135, Issue 1, Pages 56-62.e2 (January 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.044 Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Point prevalences of infections during the first year of life. Quartiles are marked by Q1 through Q4. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2015 135, 56-62.e2DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.044) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Frequency of breast-feeding and infant formula during the first year of life. Quartiles are marked by Q1 through Q4. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2015 135, 56-62.e2DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.044) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Frequency of consumption of raw and processed cow's milk during the first year of life. Quartiles are marked by Q1 through Q4. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2015 135, 56-62.e2DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.044) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 A-D, Adjusted associations of milk consumption and infections. Odds ratios (black circles) and 95% CI (bars) are given for associations of milk consumption with infection outcomes between week 8 and 53 weeks of life. General estimation equations adjusted for center, stable visits, breast-feeding, sex, siblings, maternal education, season of sampling, parental history of allergies, solid food score, birth mode, birth weight, contact with dogs, contact with cats, exposure to smoking, and age (squared) plus interaction terms of age with center. Rhinitis adjusted for concomitant occurrence of wheeze, otitis adjusted for concomitant occurrence of wheeze and rhinitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2015 135, 56-62.e2DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.044) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Mutually adjusted effect of milk consumption during week 8 to 53 on hsCRP levels at age 1. Geometric means ratios (black circles) and 95% CI (bars) adjusted for center, sex, older siblings, and contact with stable during first year of life. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2015 135, 56-62.e2DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.044) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions