Ancient Voyaging and Polynesian Origins

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Ancient Voyaging and Polynesian Origins Pedro Soares, Teresa Rito, Jean Trejaut, Maru Mormina, Catherine Hill, Emma Tinkler-Hundal, Michelle Braid, Douglas J. Clarke, Jun- Hun Loo, Noel Thomson, Tim Denham, Mark Donohue, Vincent Macaulay, Marie Lin, Stephen Oppenheimer, Martin B. Richards The American Journal of Human Genetics Volume 88, Issue 2, Pages 239-247 (February 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.009 Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Map Showing China, Taiwan, MSEA, ISEA, Near Oceania, and Remote Oceania Sampling locations and sample sizes for HVS-I sequences used in the Surfer analyses are indicated. MSEA denotes Mainland Southeast Asia; ISEA denotes Island Southeast Asia. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2011 88, 239-247DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.009) Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Chronology of Human mtDNA Haplogroup B4, with a Focus on the Austronesian-Specific B4a1a Clade Branch lengths were estimated via maximum likelihood (ML) and a time-dependent molecular clock obtained from four ML trees, with data from different regions within B4a1a (overall data, Taiwan, ISEA, and Bismarck Archipelago only). ISEA denotes Island Southeast Asia; PM denotes Polynesian motif. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2011 88, 239-247DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.009) Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Spatial Frequency Distributions of HVS-1 Variation Created by using the Kriging Algorithm of the Surfer Package (A) Paragroup B4a1a∗ (excluding B4a1a1). (B) Paragroup B4a1a1∗ (excluding B4a1a1a). (C) Haplogroup B4a1a1a (defined by the Polynesian motif). The American Journal of Human Genetics 2011 88, 239-247DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.009) Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 B4a1a Age Estimates and Putative Prehistoric Processes Overlapping ranges of the 95% confidence intervals of the different age estimates within B4a1a and estimated times of several hypothetical events in archaeology and paleoclimatology are indicated. Details of age estimates within the B4a1a clade are presented in Table 1 and Tables S3 and S8. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2011 88, 239-247DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.009) Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions