critical thinking in health careers THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 critical thinking in health careers 31st Annual NN2 Conference October 4th, 2018 Sponsored by McGraw-Hill Education Kathryn A. Booth RN-BSN, RMA (AMT), RPT, CPhT, EFR, MS Total Care Programming, Inc. kathrynabooth@gmail.com kathryn@totalcareprog.com

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Think! Connect all the dots using no more than 4 straight lines without lifting off the page. kathryn@totalcareprog.com

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 One possible solution kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Presentation Objectives THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Presentation Objectives • Identify the traits of critical thinkers. • Relate how critical thinking affects behavior and practice. • Apply critical thinking techniques WHAT? – IF? -- WHY? – HOW? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical Thinking? What do you “think” about critical thinking? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Critical thinking characteristics THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical thinking characteristics Inquisitive Well-informed Trustful of reason Open-minded Flexible Fair-minded in evaluation Honest in facing personal biases Prudent in making judgments Willing to reconsider Clear about issues Orderly in complex matters Diligent in seeking relevant information Reasonable in the selection of criteria Focused in inquiry Persistent in seeking results that are as precise as possible Can think outside the box THE WHAT? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

American Philosophical Association definition THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 American Philosophical Association definition “Critical thinking is the process of purposeful, self- regulatory judgment, which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanation of the evidential, conceptual, methodological, criteriological or contextual considerations upon which that judgment is based.” (Delphi project Facione 1990) THE WHAT? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Common Threads to critical thinking description THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Common Threads to critical thinking description Reasoned Thinking Problem Solving Fair-minded Evaluation Informed Judgments (Halstead and Tomson, ETS Project, June 2006) THE WHAT? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

CRITICAL THINKING VS BLOOMS THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING CRITICAL THINKING VS BLOOMS 12/5/2018 Critical Thinking Blooms (Revised) THE WHAT? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

WHEN THESE ARE real test answers! THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 SO WHERE DO WE START? WHEN THESE ARE real test answers! THE WHAT? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Critical Thinking Ability THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical Thinking Ability THE IF? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Critical thinking ability THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical thinking ability + Knowledge/intellectual skills + Technical skills + Interpersonal skills + Critical thinking characteristics = CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY SO ARE YOU A CRITICAL THINKER? THE IF? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Quiz: Are You a Critical Thinker? THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Quiz: Are You a Critical Thinker? I hate talk shows where people just state their opinions but never give any reasons at all. I prefer jobs where the supervisor says exactly what to do and exactly how to do it. Figuring out what people really mean by what they say is important to me. No matter how complex the problem, you can bet there will be a simple solution. I always do better in jobs where I'm expected to think things out for myself. I don't waste time looking things up. I hold off making decisions until I’ve thought through my options. THE IF? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Quiz: Are You a Critical Thinker? (cont.) THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Quiz: Are You a Critical Thinker? (cont.) I hate it when teachers discuss problems instead of just giving the answers. Rather than relying on someone else's notes, I prefer to read the material myself. I try to see the merit in another’s opinion, even if I reject it later. If my belief is truly sincere, evidence to the contrary is irrelevant. Even if a problem is tougher than I expected, I’ll keep working on it. Making intelligent decisions is more important than winning arguments. Selling an idea is like selling cars: you say whatever works. THE IF? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Answers: Critical Thinking Quiz THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Answers: Critical Thinking Quiz Agree Disagree Disagree Agree THE IF? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Critical Thinking in Action THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical Thinking in Action Understand your own biases Don’t take information on authority until you’ve investigated it yourself Think several moves ahead Put yourself in others’ shoes Analyze the pressures you are facing Deal with your ego-centrism Analyze group influences on your life Question your assumptions and conclusions THE IF? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Critical thinking indicators THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical thinking indicators Self-confident Curious and inquisitive Honest Context alert Open and fair-minded Analytical and insightful Logical Reflective and corrective THE IF? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Do we think critically all the time? THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Do we think critically all the time? Three experienced health professionals come upon the scene of an accident. There is a car wrapped up against a pole and the man sitting about 15 feet from the car holding his head. One calls 911, another begins to speak to the patient and evaluate his orientation. The third checks the patient for bleeding and other injuries. What did the health professionals do correctly? What did the health professionals do incorrectly? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Critical thinking in practice THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical thinking in practice THE WHY? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Critical thinking and employment THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical thinking and employment Critical thinking is the raw material that underlies fundamental workplace competencies, such as problem solving, decision making, planning, and risk management. (US Department of Labor) Critical thinking empowers decision making skills, enhances job satisfaction through professional integrity, and achieves expertise in practice. (Rubenfeld & Scheffer, 2010) THE WHY? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Critical thinking in healthcare THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical thinking in healthcare Critical thinking in healthcare is needed because of the advances in information technology, dwindling resources, cost containment, morbidity and mortality data, and patient safety. (Benner, Hughes, & Sutphen, 2008) THE WHY? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Critical thinking in healthcare requires THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical thinking in healthcare requires Collaboration with other disciplines Collaboration with patient and family THE WHY? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Critical thinking and education THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Critical thinking and education TWO PLACES TO APPLY USING CRITICALLY THINKING WHEN DEALING WITH STUDENTS TEACHING OUR STUDENTS TO THINK CRITICALLY THE WHY? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Let’s think In the diagram below, which letter does not belong? k m q w kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Teaching critical thinking THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Teaching critical thinking THE HOW? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Teaching and Critical Thinking THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Teaching and Critical Thinking What to Think? Didactic: the students learn what the teacher knows How to Think Students find their own way through problems VS. THE HOW? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 the best way: to learn to critically think is to be required to think critically! EXPOSURE! THE HOW? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

What I hear, I forgot: What I see, I remember; What I do, I understand Active learning What I hear, I forgot: What I see, I remember; What I do, I understand Confucius 451 BC: THE HOW?

Active learning promotes critical thinking through: THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Active learning promotes critical thinking through: Learning to problem solve Questioning that promotes metacognition Self-evaluation and reflection Performance ratings and rubrics Adaptive training/testing Case studies Soft skill practice Simulation Gaming Video-based reviews Portfolios Interviews/Debriefings THE HOW? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Learning to problem Solving THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Learning to problem Solving THE HOW? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Developing discussion questions THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Developing discussion questions Questions should ask students to reflect on their own thinking processes require metacognition. Examples include: “What are the implications of ___?” “Why is ___ important?” “What is another way to look at ___?” THE HOW? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 SELF-EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIORS (Procedure 3-1 Booth MA 6e) THE HOW? kathryn@totalcareprog.com

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 Active learning: Case studies, critical thinking and soft skills success* THE HOW? *From Medical Assisting 6e kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Active learning – simulation and gaming* Medical Office THE HOW? *

ONE MORE TIME

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 The following combination of letters represents a sentence from which one particular vowel has been removed. Figure out what that vowel is and re-insert it eleven times, in eleven different places, and you will be able to determine what the sentence is saying. VRYFINXMP LARXCDSW HATWXPCT kathryn@totalcareprog.com

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING 12/5/2018 How did you do? The missing letter is E. EVERY FINE EXEMPLAR EXCEEDS WHAT WE EXPECT kathryn@totalcareprog.com

Using Multimedia Software in the Classroom! Take yourself from THIS THIS by using and teaching critical thinking! TO Total Care Programming 1999 by Kathryn A. Haddix

Kathryn A. Booth RN-BSN, RMA (AMT) RPT, CPhT, EFR, MS kathrynabooth@gmail.com