Chemical Bonds Packet #6 Chapter #2 Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Introduction Compound Molecule Chemical Bonds A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio Molecule Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Chemical Bonds Forces by which atoms are able to bond together. An attraction between two atoms Results from the sharing of electrons. Results from the presence of opposite charges. Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Types of Chemical Bonds Covalent Bonds Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Covalent Bonds I A bond in which electrons are shared. Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Types of Covalent Bonds Single Bond A covalent bond in which a single pair of electron is shared between bonded atoms. Two electrons are shared Provides an angle of 109.5˚ Double Bond Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms Four electrons are shared Provides an angle of 120˚ Triple Bond Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms Six electrons are shared Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Covalent Bonds II Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Covalent Bonds II Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Types of Chemical Bonds II Saturated vs. Unsaturated Molecules Indicates that there are ONLY single bonds Unsaturated Molecules Indicates that double, or triple bonds, are present. Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Unsaturated molecules allow the formation of kinks. Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Types of Chemical Bonds Ionic Bonds Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Ionic Bond A bond that is formed by the attraction of two ions (cation & anion) of opposite charge Cation Positive charge Anion Negative charge Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Ionic Bonds II Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Types of Chemical Bonds Polar Bond Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Polar Bond One atom on the compound being more electronegative and grabbing more electron density Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Types of Chemical Bonds Non-Polar Bonds Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Non-Polar Bond Joining of atoms with the same electronegativity Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Types of Chemical Bonds Hydrogen Bonds Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Hydrogen Bonds A strong non-bonding interaction that causes a quick, weak “chemical bond.” Occurs when a hydrogen atom, attached to a highly electronegative atom, interacts with a lone electron from a nearby electronegative atom. These bonds are broken almost immediately Depends on temperature. Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Phases of Matter Liquid Solid Gas Elements and molecules can exist in all three phases Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Phases of Matter II Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Molecules Chemical Formulas Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Formulas in Biology Molecular Formulas Structural Formula Says what the molecule is made of and how many they are Structural Formula Shows how the molecule is orientated in space Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Formulas in Biology II Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Isomers Isomer Stereoisomer One of two, or more compounds, with the same chemical formula but different structural formula Stereoisomer Atoms are connected in the same order but have different 3D arrangements Enantiomer Stereoisomer that have a mirror-image relationship Diastereoisomer Stereoisomer that is not a mirror image. Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Isomers II Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Isomers II Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Chemical Reactions Wednesday, December 05, 2018

Chemical Reactions I Two parts ReactantsProducts Reactants Products What goes in! Products What comes out! ReactantsProducts Wednesday, December 05, 2018