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created by Patricia McNair Legacy & Culture of Major Indigenous Settlements in TN (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, Mississippians) 4.1 Describe the legacy and cultures of the major indigenous settlements in Tennessee, including the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippians. (Coats-Hines Site, Pinson Mounds, Old Stone Fort, Chucalissa Indian Village) Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, Mississippians created by Patricia McNair

Background Knowledge Native Americans were the first people on North America, including Tennessee. (They are sometimes called Indians.) *Archaeologists (study of ancient people’s lives & culture) give us insight into their lives.*

B.C. = Before Christ A.D. = Anno Domini When did they come? Paleo (15,000 B.C.) Archaic (7,000 B.C.) Woodlands (1,000 B.C.) Mississippians (1,000 A.D.) B.C. = Before Christ A.D. = Anno Domini

Ancient Settlements Coats-Hines Site – Paleo Indians Old Stone Fort – Archaic Indians Pinson Mounds – Woodland Indians Chucalissa Indian Village – Mississippian Indians

Paleo Indians’ CULTURE Paleo means Old

Paleo Indians’ CULTURE Nomads (move from place to place) Food: Hunters Hunted animals (mostly Mastodons) Followed wherever the animals migrated Government: None, Uncivilized Housing: brush shelters Environment: Ice Age (climate was very cold)

Paleo Indians’ LEGACY Spears Nets

Archaic Indians’ CULTURE

Archaic Indians’ CULTURE Lived in one place for long periods of time by a river, but would move for food source; Nomads Food: Hunters & Gatherers Hunted animals Gathered plants; cultivated existing plants Government: Villages with chiefs Housing: brush shelters & wood houses Environment: Ice Age ended / Earth’s warmer

Archaic Indians’ LEGACY Stone pots Spear points Polished stone Weaving baskets

Woodland Indians’ CULTURE Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, Mississippians

Woodland Indians’ CULTURE Permanent housing & dwellings Food: Farmers Raised animals 1st to grow their own food Housing: wigwams & longhouses Government: Villages with chiefs Built larger burial MOUNDS

Woodland Indians’ LEGACY Pottery – created them artistically Agriculture – 1st farmers (to grow crops) Invented the Bow & Arrow Burial mounds – burial customs Trade – developed trade networks across the continent

Mississippian Indians’ CULTURE

Mississippian Indians’ CULTURE Lived along the MS river valley Largest & most complex society Known as mound builders; also built towns Food: Hunters, Farmers, & Gatherers Hunted animals Gathered berries; cultivated existing plants Housing: posts, clay, & grass Government: Chiefdoms with chiefs & priests Environment: Normal Seasons

Mississippian Indians’ LEGACY Developed a game (Game of Chungke) Jewelry & ornaments Effigy pottery – pottery shaped like humans & animals Farming Chiefdoms: a government more like today Burial customs: Mounds

Let’s see what you know??? *Write your answer on your whiteboard.

(1) Which of the early cultures had the most complex government, similar to ours today?

(chiefdom & priests leading) (1) Which of the early cultures had the most complex government, similar to ours today? the Mississippians (chiefdom & priests leading)

(2) Which culture built longhouses to live in?

(2) Which culture built longhouses to live in? the Woodlands

(3) Which culture was around during the Ice Age and chased animals for food?

(3) Which culture was around during the Ice Age and chased animals for food? the Paleo

(4) Which two cultures were nomadic?

(4) Which two cultures were nomadic? the Paleo & Archaic

(5) Which culture developed the Bow & Arrow?

(5) Which culture developed the Bow & Arrow? the Woodlands

*MATCH the Ancient Settlements Coats-Hines Site A. MISSISSIPPIANS 2. Old Stone Fort B. ARCHAIC Pinson Mounds C. PALEO 4. Chucalissa Indian Village D. WOODLANDS

*MATCH the Ancient Settlements 1. Coats-Hines Site C. PALEO 2. Old Stone Fort B. ARCHAIC 3. Pinson Mounds D. WOODLANDS Chucalissa Indian Village A. MISSISSIPPIANS

Good References http://www.tn4me.org/article.cfm/era_id/1/major_id/28 /minor_id/88/a_id/300 Make this into a Bingo game using the following site: http://print-bingo.com/bingo-cards-custom.php