Chapter 5

A. physical B. chemical C. metamorphic D. magical 1. Weathering that results in the transformation of one mineral into a different kind of mineral is referred to as weathering. A. physical B. chemical C. metamorphic D. magical

2. Which is an example of chemical weathering? A. fragmentation of a boulder by freezing and thawing B. rounding of a pebble in a flowing stream C. dissolving limestone by rainwater

3. Biological sediment includes: A. quartz. B. sand. C. pebbles. D. shells.

4. Which assemblage of minerals would indicate the lowest weathering intensity? A. quartz, clay B. quartz, mica, feldspar C. quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, amphibole D. All three assemblages indicate equal amounts of weathering.

5. As sediment is weathered and transported: A. angular grains become rounded. B. feldspars are weathered to clay minerals. C. particle size becomes smaller due to abrasion. D. quartz fraction increases as other minerals are winnowed out. E. All of the above.

6. Well-rounded sediment suggests sediment has been . A. transported a long distance B. transported a short distance C. not transported at all

7. How would you describe the sorting of clasts in this rock? A. poorly sorted B. well-sorted

8. How would you describe the sorting of clasts in this rock? A. poorly sorted B. well-sorted

9. Which rock was deposited farther from the source of the clasts? B.

A. river B. beach C. eolian dunes D. reef 10. In what depositional environment would you expect to find large-scale cross-beds BEST preserved? A. river B. beach C. eolian dunes D. reef

11. Well-sorted quartz sand clasts were most likely deposited: A. in a reef environment. B. in a beach or dune environment. C. in a mountain stream. D. at the base of a mountain cliff (talus slope).

A. desert B. river and floodplain C. deep ocean D. reef 12. The occurrence of conglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone with asymmetrical ripples, mudcracks, and root traces suggest a environment. A. desert B. river and floodplain C. deep ocean D. reef

A. desert B. river and floodplain C. deep ocean D. reef 13. The occurrence of limestone and fossil coral suggest a environment. A. desert B. river and floodplain C. deep ocean D. reef

14. This outcrop has a sedimentary structure called: A. mud cracks. B. graded bedding. C. ripple marks. D. cross-beds.

15. Ripple marks indicate: A. drying of the sediment. B. organism activity. C. flowing water or wind. D. rapid deposition. E. All of the above.

16. What direction of flow is indicated by the ripple marks? A. left B. right

17. Through compaction and cementation, sediment particles: A. are squeezed closer together. B. are bonded by new mineral growth. C. decrease in volume. D. decrease in porosity. E. All of the above.

A. sandstone B. shale C. conglomerate D. breccia 18. Which rock type contains only very small (silt and clay) sediment grains? A. sandstone B. shale C. conglomerate D. breccia

19. Which rock type is composed of pieces of organisms? A. shale B. sandstone C. limestone D. conglomerate

20. Coal forms from the accumulated remains of . A. dinosaurs B. plants C. plankton D. fish E. sand