Physical and Chemical Properties

Properties of Matter-Words to Know…

Atom The smallest component of an element. Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and a single oxygen atom.

Element One of the essential molecules that everything else is made of. The periodic table is made up of many Elements.

Periodic Table Shows all known elements in the universe. Organizes the elements by chemical properties.

Proton a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom Proton starts with P so that makes it POSITIVE

Electron a negatively charged subatomic particle found in the energy level of an atom Electrons are the negative charge that is responsible for electricity!!

Neutron a neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom Neutron starts with N so that makes it neutral.

Atomic Number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Oxygen has eight protons, which is its Atomic Number.

Atomic Mass the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Oxygen has eight protons and 7.99 neutrons, thus its atomic mass is 15.999

Anything that has mass and takes up space! Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space!

Mass A measure of how much matter is in an object.

Weight A measure of the force of gravity on an object.

Volume The amount of space that matter occupies.

Density The measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume. Mass/Volume I Density

States of Matter There are different “states” of matter. No, not like Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico. States of matter are also known as phases (a physical state of matter). Elements and compounds can move from one phase to another phase when special physical forces are present. Solid Liquid Gas

Freezing point The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid.

Boiling point The boiling point of an element or compound means the temperature at which the liquid form of an element or compound is at equilibrium with the gaseous form. the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius.

Melting point The temperatures at which the solid form of the element or compound is at equilibrium with the liquid form. Basically the range at which the solid changes its state into a liquid. The melting point of water is 0 degrees Celsius

Compound A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. Water and salt are 2 examples of compounds.

All substances have properties… Including people! Example: People can be identified by their … Face (shape, expressions) Voice Height Finger prints Eye color Hair color Teeth DNA

What are properties? Matter has observable and measurable qualities. We can use general properties to identify substances. Two basic types of properties of matter: Physical properties and Chemical properties:

Physical Properties Physical properties are used to identify, describe and classify matter. Characteristic of a substance that can be observed (using your senses) without changing the substance into something else. Hardness Texture Color Odor Taste Temperature

More EXAMPLES - Physical size, shape, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, magnetism, viscosity, density, luster and many more. Viscosity - The resistance of a liquid to flowing. Examples: Low viscosity-water, rubbing alcohol High viscosity-honey

Creating a new chemical product Chemical Properties Chemical properties are characteristics involved when a substance interacts with another substance to change its chemical make-up. Flammability Rusting Creating gas bubbles Creating a new chemical product Reactivity with water pH

Alike? Different? Draw a double bubble map in your notes to compare and contrast physical and chemical properties.