Education Funding is Well Below 2011 Level in Inflation-Adjusted Terms (Department of Education Discretionary Funding in Billions of Dollars) IN BOOK – In summary and analysis 2017 reflects rescission of $1.3 billion of prior Pell grant funding

President’s 2019 Education Budget is Below 2003 Level Excluding Pell Grants Department of Education discretionary funding in billions IN BOOK – In summary and analysis Source: CEF calculations based on Department of Education budget tables: 2017 reflects rescission of prior Pell Grant funding

Education Accounts for Less Than 2% of All Federal Spending IN BOOK – In summary and analysis SOURCE: CEF based on FY2019 OMB Budget

President Trump’s Budgets Request Largest Education Cuts Requested change in Dept. of Education discretionary funding vs. prior year, in billions Reagan IN BOOK Does not include FY 2010 request versus FY 2009, which included $97 billion in Recovery Act funds, or FY 2011 request that requested all Pell grant resources as mandatory spending. FY 2019 request versus FY 2017 enacted. Source: Department of Education 2019 request and budget history tables

President’s 2019 Education Budget Far Below 2010 Level Excluding Pell Grants (Department of Education discretionary funds in billions) IN BOOK

Federal Funding Flat for 10 Years Across Education Continuum Except for Pell Grants (Discretionary dollars, in billions) Elementary and Secondary IN BOOK

President’s FY 2019 Education Department Discretionary Funding IN BOOK Source: CEF based on Education Department data

President Slashes 2019 Non-Defense Discretionary Spending to Well Below the Cap Budget Control Act Caps (in billions) Sequester Caps IN BOOK

President’s FY 2019 Budget Cuts Non-Defense Discretionary (NDD) Funding Below 2018 and 2019 Levels in Budget Deal (in billions) IN BOOK Source: Committee for Education Funding, 2/12/18

60% of Public Wants to Increase Federal Education Investment IN BOOK

Head Start Funding Provides Services to Fewer Than 4 of Every 10 Eligible Children                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               31% of eligible children ages 3 - 5 had access to Head Start 7% of eligible children under 3 had access to Early Head Start IN BOOK Source: National Head Start Association, https://www.nhsa.org/facts

Federal Support for Public Elementary and Secondary Schools Declining in Real Terms In Book FEDERAL SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics, "National Public Education Financial Survey," 2003–04 through 2013–14. See Digest of Education Statistics 2016, table 235.10.

Per Student Public Education Spending Virtually Flat Since 2009 In book

U.S. Public K-12 Enrollment Continuing to Rise, Private School Enrollment is Flat (Students in thousands) IN BOOK Data Source: NCES Digest of Education Statistics 2016, tables 203.10 and 205.10, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/current_tables.asp

Maximum Pell Grant No Longer Covers Much of Average Cost of College IN BOOK Source: College Board

Number of Recipients by Federal Aid Program (with Average Aid Received), 2016-17 In book Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2017, Figure 6A.

Total Undergraduate Student Aid by Source and Type (in Billions), 2016-17 IN BOOK Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2017, Figure 2.

Total Grant Aid in 2016 Dollars by Source of Grant, 1996-97 to 2016-17 IN BOOK – in higher ed overview Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2017, Figure 3.

Federal Grants and Loans Account for Most of Financial Aid Average amount of financial aid awarded to first-time, full-time undergraduate students awarded financial aid at 4-year degree-granting postsecondary institutions in academic year 2014-15 IN Book – higher ed overview SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 2016, table 331.20.

Total Annual Amount Borrowed in Federal Subsidized, Unsubsidized, and PLUS Loans in Millions of 2016 Dollars IN BOOK – with student loan article Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2017, Figure 7A.

Most Pell Grant Recipients Attend Public Colleges In book in Pell Grant article Source: FY 2019 U.S. Department of Education Congressional Budget Justification, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget19/justifications/index.html

Undergraduate Enrollment and Percentage of Students Receiving Pell Grants In book with Pell grant article Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2017, Figure 15A.

State Funding for Preschool Below 2002 Level ONLINE ONLY SOURCE: State of Preschool 2017: State Preschool Yearbook, The National Institute for Early Education Research, http://nieer.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/State-of-Preschool-2017-Full.pdf

State and Local Funding for K-12 Education Has Eroded, Still Below 2008 Level in Real Terms K-12 Funding Fell Sharply After Recession Hit Change in funding per pupil compared to 2008, inflation adjusted ONLINE ONLY

Progress: Results for Students MORE HISPANIC AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDENTS GRADUATING High school dropout rates: school years 2002 through 2015 ONLINE ONLY SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 2016 Table 219.70

EDUCATION PAYS: More Education Leads to Higher Wages and Employment ONLINE ONLY

Total and Per-Student State and Local Funding for Higher Education in 2014 Dollars and Public FTE Enrollment 1985-86 to 2015-16 ONLINE ONLY SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2017, Figure 12B.

Maximum Pell Grant Has Lost Value in Real Terms (Maximum and Average Award in 2016 Dollars) ONLINE ONLY SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2017, Figure 16.

See Digest of Education Statistics 2016, table 331.20. Percentage of First-time, Full-time Undergraduate Students Awarded Grants and Loans at 4-year Degree-granting Postsecondary Institutions Academic Year 2014-2015 ONLINE ONLY SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2015–16, Student Financial Aid component. See Digest of Education Statistics 2016, table 331.20.