0:56 0:55 0:54 0:53 0:57 0:58 1:02 1:01 1:00 0:59 0:52 0:51 0:44 0:43 0:42 0:41 0:45 0:46 0:50 0:49 0:48 0:47 1:03 1:04 1:19 1:18 1:17 1:16 1:20 1:21 1:25 1:24 1:23 1:22 1:15 1:14 1:08 1:07 1:06 1:05 1:09 1:10 1:13 1:12 1:11 0:40 0:39 0:09 0:08 0:07 0:06 0:10 0:11 0:15 0:14 0:13 0:12 0:05 0:04 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:03 0:02 0:01 0:00 0:16 0:17 0:32 0:31 0:30 0:29 0:33 0:34 0:38 0:37 0:36 0:35 0:28 0:27 0:21 0:20 0:19 0:18 0:22 0:23 0:26 0:25 0:24 3:00 1:26 2:30 2:29 2:28 2:27 2:31 2:32 2:36 2:35 2:34 2:33 2:26 2:25 2:18 2:17 2:16 2:15 2:19 2:20 2:24 2:23 2:22 2:21 2:37 2:38 2:53 2:52 2:51 2:50 2:54 2:55 2:59 2:58 2:57 2:56 2:49 2:48 2:42 2:41 2:40 2:39 2:43 2:44 2:47 2:46 2:45 1:27 2:14 1:43 1:42 1:41 1:40 1:44 1:45 1:49 1:48 1:47 1:46 1:39 1:38 1:31 1:30 1:29 1:28 1:32 1:33 1:37 1:36 1:35 1:34 2:13 1:50 2:06 2:05 2:04 2:03 2:07 2:08 2:12 2:11 2:10 2:09 1:51 2:02 1:55 1:54 1:53 1:52 2:01 1:56 2:00 1:57 1:59 1:58 Do Now Classify the following as elements, compounds, solutions, or mixtures Soda Chalk Soil Raw egg Silver Modern penny

Elements Chemical Symbols

The Nature of Elements Element - substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means Atom - smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the element Examples – Aluminium, lead, boron, copper, gold, hydrogen, magnesium, nitrogen, oxygen, silver, sulfur, zinc, etc.

Alchemy The origins of chemistry can be found in alchemy. One of the goals of the alchemists was to make gold. In order to conceal their research from their competitors, alchemists developed secret chemical symbols.

Modern Chemical Symbols Chemical symbols are useful chemical shorthand. Modern symbols : Jöns Berzelius (1814), a Swedish chemist devised the system of symbols used by scientists today. Rules for writing symbols If possible, use the first letter of the name and capitalize it: [1] H – hydrogen; [2] O – oxygen; [3] N – nitrogen; [4] C – carbon In case of duplication of the first letter, use the first letter capitalized together with a second lower case letter: [1] Ca – calcium; [2] Cd – cadmium; [3] Ce – cerium; [4] Cs – cesium; [5] Cr – chromium; [6] Cl – chlorine; [7] Co – cobalt (Continued)

More on Modern Chemical Symbols Many elements have symbols derived from their Latin (L) or German (G) names Element Symbol Foreign Name Antimony Copper Gold Iron Lead Mercury Potassium Silver Sodium Tin Tungsten Sb Cu Au Fe Pb Hg K Ag Na Sn W Stibium (L) Cuprum (L) Aurum (L) Ferrum (L) Plumbum (L) Hydrargyrum (L) Kalium (L) Argentum (L) Natrium (L) Stannum (L) Wolfram (G) Not Required Information!

Systematic Names Systematic Names - three letter symbols that represent the atomic numbers of unnamed elements: prefixes stand for numbers. the ending ium follows the last prefix example: number - 109; name - unnilennium; symbol - Une Number Prefix Symbol 1 2 3 4 nil un bi tri quad n u b t q Number Prefix Symbol 5 6 7 8 9 pent hex sept oct enn p h s o e