Weathering Ch. 12.

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Presentation transcript:

Weathering Ch. 12

Chemical & Mechanical Weathering Weathering - the breakdown of rock. Mechanical (PHYSICAL) Weathering – breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by natural agents. Chemical Weathering – breakdown or disintegration of rock by chemical reactions.

Rate of Weathering What affects the rate of weathering? Surface exposure – how long is the rock exposed to the elements (wind/water)? Composition of Rock – what minerals is the rock made of? (Some minerals weather at different rates) Climate – certain climates promote different types of weathering Wet climates favor chemical weathering (tropical) Dry climates favor mechanical weathering (deserts)

Mechanical & chemical Weathering foldable

Methods of mechanical weathering

Mechanical Weathering: ICE/WATER Frost/ice wedging – water gets into cracks, freezes and expands, thaws and contracts.

Mechanical Weathering: ABRASION Water, wind, ice, and gravity move rock. As they scrape against surfaces and move against each other they SCRAPE and wear them down. “SANDPAPER”

Mechanical Weathering: PLANTS/ANIMALS Root wedging - plant roots grow into rock and break them. Animals burrow into cracks of rocks and break them.

Animals weathering rock.

Mechanical Weathering: UPWARD EXPANSION Uplift – upward force inside earth, causes rock to break in layers parallel to surface known as exfoliation. Thermal expansion – rocks are heated, expand and contract, peeling off layers.

Methods of chemical weathering

Chemical Weathering: CARBONATION Carbonic acid (common acid dissolved in water) seeps through the ground and dissolves certain minerals. Dissolves CALCITE completely! CALCITE is in limestone and marble.

Luray Caverns, VA

Chemical Weathering: OXIDATION Chemical reaction of OXYGEN (O) with other substances, especially IRON (Fe). When O + Fe = rust.

Chemical Weathering: HYDROLYSIS Water reacting with minerals by dissolving the ions in them and reacting with the water to form clay minerals. (FELDSPAR)

Chemical Weathering: BIOLOGIC BREAKDOWN Plants/animals sometimes secrete acid which can chemically weather rock. Moss/lichens