CLASS SET Advanced Genetic Techniques Directions: Summarize each of the 3 techniques on a separate sheet of paper or in your journal. Include the following: A. Name of the technique B. BRIEF description of the process C. Purpose/Why do we use this process? Name of the technique Description Purpose 1. 2. 3.

Since the late 1980’s several advancements in the field of genetics have transformed our lives, such as the development of: Gene splicing Cloning PCR DNA technology is used to treat genetic disorders, diseases, and improve food crops DNA technology such as DNA fingerprints can be used to determine relationships between different individuals DNA technology can determine possible evolutionary relationships between different species

1. Gene Splicing(to cut DNA) Gene splicing is the process whereby genes from one organism are cut out and placed into the genome(DNA) of another organism. Restriction enzymes cut the DNA at certain places to remove the needed gene. Gene splicing can be used to improve crops. For example, if a farmer finds a certain corn plant is able to survive through a harsh winter, he would want his other plants to have the same trait! http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/fe atures/gmos_india/flash/overview.html

2. Cloning Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means. Reasons for cloning include: 1. Learn about human disease by studying animal models such as mice 2. Stem cells might be used to repair damaged or diseased organs and tissues. 3. Farm animals such as cows, sheep and goats are currently being genetically engineered to produce drugs or proteins that are useful in medicine. There are issues and controversy concerning human cloning! http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/cloning 101.html

3. PCR Polymerase chain reaction The purpose of a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is to make a huge number of copies of a gene. PCR is used every day to diagnose diseases, identify bacteria and viruses, match criminals to crime scenes, and in many other ways. http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/pcr. html