Do Now & Announcements Turn in HW to be checked if you did not do so last class period Please also check if you forgot to turn in your Properties of Water Lab! Today: Macromolecules Unit 2 Test WED 10/21, THURS 10/22

Organic Macromolecules There are 4 major classes of organic polymers Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Elemental Composition Building Blocks Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Building Blocks Smallest units of carbohydrates known as monosaccharides

Monosaccharides The simplest Sugars are called Monosaccharides (monomers of carbs) Glucose Fructose Function: energy source for living organisms

Disaccharides Two Monosaccharides form a disaccharide Sucrose (table sugar), Lactose (Milk sugar) Maltose (Malt Sugar) Function: energy source for living organisms

Polysaccharides Energy storage Structure 3 or more monosaccharides 2 Main functions in living things Energy storage Starch-Energy Storage in Plants Glycogen-Energy Storage in Animals Structure Cellulose- Cell wall of plants Chitin - Fungus cell wall or exoskeleton in insects

Lipids Elemental Composition Monomers Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen No definite ratio Monomers Glycerol, 3 Fatty Acids (for fats)

Fats Saturated fats: usually derived from animal material E.g. butter, lard Unsaturated fats: usually derived from plants E.g. Corn oil, Peanut oil

Fats Fats have three main functions: Long term energy storage (stored in adipose tissue) A layer of cushioning that protects muscles, bones, and organs A layer of insulation, which helps to maintain a constant temperature

Other Lipids Phospholipids Steroids Waxes: Main components of the cell membrane Steroids Hormones-Chemical Messengers Waxes: Water Proofing Lubrication

Proteins Elemental Composition Monomer/Building Blocks Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sometimes Sulfur Monomer/Building Blocks Amino Acids

Proteins involved in Support/Structure Proteins are the structural and regulatory units of life Structural (some examples) Actin and Myosin (muscle) Collagen (Skin Tendons), Keratin (hair/skin/nails)

Proteins involved in Regulation Regulatory (some examples) Insulin: regulates blood sugar Hemoglobin: transports oxygen in blood Enzymes: regulate reaction speeds

Nucleic Acids Elemental Composition Building Blocks carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus Building Blocks Nucleotides

DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid The primary role of DNA is to hold the hereditary (genetic) material of the cell.

RNA: Ribonucleic Acid copy and translate the DNA code in order to make proteins.

All of these macromolecules Are made by linking monomers together through DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

All of these macromolecules Can be broken apart by HYDROLYSIS

Nutrition Label and Macromolecules Finish for HW (sheet is double sided)