5/21 Warm-up: Who were the Allied powers? Who were the Axis Powers?

Allied Powers Britain, United States, Russia, France (leader not pictured) Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin

Axis Powers Japan, Germany and Italy Hirohito, Hitler, and Mussolini

European Theater: The End of the War

European Theater Recap Hitler breaks his peace agreements, attacks Poland, and war begins! Allies vs. Axis powers Battle of Britain – Germany bombs British military targets, then changes strategy and starts bombing British cities to hurt their morale US and Britain become allies, though US doesn’t get involved yet (they want to avoid war costs) Operation Barbarossa/ Battle of Stalingrad – Germany invades Soviet Union, loses

European Theater continued: D-Day- June 6, 1944 US enters war in 1941 (Why? Hold that thought) Allied forces take Normandy beaches in France (1944), making it a difficult two-front war for Germany (Remember WWI? Two fronts = bad)

D-Day June 6, 1944 3,000,000 million men (mainly British & American soldiers) 13,000 aircraft 1,200 warships 2,700 merchant ships 2,500 landing craft

Normandy Landing (June 6, 1944) German Prisoners Higgins Landing Crafts

Northern France is taken quickly, now its on to Germany… Following D-Day Northern France is taken quickly, now its on to Germany…

Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge Hitler’s last-ditch effort to repel the Allied armies; unsuccessful- German army spread too thin Dec. 16, 1944 to Jan. 28, 1945

Yalta: February 1945 Yalta Conference – Feb. 1945 – Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin discuss their final steps in defeating Germany April 30, 1945 – Hitler commits suicide May 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders – V-E Day (Victory in Europe)

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945 Cyanide & Pistols The Führer’s Bunker Mr. & Mrs. Hitler

Mussolini & His Mistress, Claretta Petacci Are Hung in Milan, 1945

V-E Day (May 8, 1945) General Keitel

V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

World War II: Pacific Theater

Japanese takeover in Asia While Hitler controlled Europe, Japan led a rapid takeover of China and most of Southeast Asia Leader Hirohito wanted to build a Japanese empire Conquered areas endured killings, rapes, torture, and starvation

Japanese Takeover

A date which will live in infamy! Pearl Harbor- December 7, 1941 Japanese led an air attack on U.S. military base in Hawaii 2403 dead, 188 planes and 8 battleships destroyed Unified American public opinion to go to war A date which will live in infamy!

U.S. Declares War on the Axis Powers

Pacific Theater US focuses on defeating Japan Sends troops to Pacific island countries and begin “island hopping”

Japanese Kamikaze Planes Kamikaze Pilots Suicide Bombers

Battle of Iwo Jima One of the most destructive battles of WWII Bombing for 72 days straight Famous photograph came out of this battle – used as American propaganda

So what’s happening back home?

Back in the U.S. A week after Pearl Harbor, the government of the U.S. directed companies to cut back on the production of bicycles, beer cans, refrigerators, tooth paste tubes, and more than 300 other items to produce war goods. Wait – all the men are at war… Who’s around to make all these war goods?

Women filled the jobs left vacant by men who went off to war More than 5 million women go to work

Paying for the war – Victory Bonds

Back in Europe… Drop the bomb! Potsdam Conference – July 1945 (2 months after V-E Day) – Allied powers meet to draw up plans to reconstruct Europe, and demands Japan’s surrender Japan says no, so we…. Drop the bomb!

The Manhattan Project: Los Alamos, NM U.S. program that designed the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Little Boy Fat Man Dr. Robert Oppenheimer

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 70,000 killed immediately. 48,000 buildings. destroyed. 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 40,000 killed immediately. 60,000 injured. 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

Atomic Bombs drop on Japan

V-J Day: Japan Surrenders Times Square, NYC

Results of World War II

Lots of WW II deaths Civilians only. Army and navy figures. Country Men in war Battle deaths Wounded Australia 1,000,000 26,976 180,864 Austria 800,000 280,000 350,117 Belgium 625,000 8,460 55,5131 Brazil2 40,334 943 4,222 Bulgaria 339,760 6,671 21,878 Canada 1,086,3437 42,0427 53,145 China3 17,250,521 1,324,516 1,762,006 Czechoslovakia — 6,6834 8,017 Denmark 4,339 Finland 500,000 79,047 50,000 France 201,568 400,000 Germany 20,000,000 3,250,0004 7,250,000 Greece 17,024 47,290 Hungary 147,435 89,313 India 2,393,891 32,121 64,354 Italy 3,100,000 149,4964 66,716 Japan 9,700,000 1,270,000 140,000 Netherlands 6,500 2,860 New Zealand 194,000 11,6254 17,000 Norway 75,000 2,000 Poland 664,000 530,000 Romania 650,0005 350,0006 South Africa 410,056 2,473 U.S.S.R. 6,115,0004 14,012,000 United Kingdom 5,896,000 357,1164 369,267 United States 16,112,566 291,557 670,846 Yugoslavia 3,741,000 305,000 425,000 Lots of WW II deaths Civilians only. Army and navy figures. Figures cover period July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. Deaths from all causes. Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.

The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. become the two major superpower countries

The start of the Cold War

The Creation of the U. N.

The Division of Germany: 1945 - 1990

The Nuremberg War Trials: Crimes Against Humanity

Japanese War Crimes Trials Bio-Chemical Experiments General Hideki Tojo Bio-Chemical Experiments

7 Future American Presidents Served in WWII

Early Computer Technology Came Out of WW II Colossus, 1941 Mark I, 1944 Admiral Grace Hooper, 1944-1992 COBOL language

The De-Colonization of European Empires

The Emergence of Third World Nationalist Movements

War on the Home Front: Dr. Suess goes to War

Dr. Seuss A political cartoonist before a children’s author….

Some of his work during World War II

Today we are looking at some of his work…. Don’t forget to: The events of World War II and their impact we’ve discussed Take into account his perspective: American political cartoonist Write in complete sentences!

Gallery Walk Expectations You may work individually, with one other person or in a small group of three Do not write on the boards/stations If you are unsure about one station, move on to the next Do not bunch up at one station No horseplaying Do not copy other people’s work Be productive- when you are finished, go back to your seat ** If these directions are to hard to follow you will be asked to sit down and work on another harder activity independently**

Closure Questions- Ticket out the door How does Dr. Seuss portray the Japanese? How about the Germans? Who do you think is the general audience for these cartoons? What common themes do you notice in his cartoons?