DATA COMMUNICATION Lecture-11.

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Presentation transcript:

DATA COMMUNICATION Lecture-11

Recap of Lecture 10 The OSI Model Functions of OSI Layers TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Overview of Lecture 11 Signals Analog and Digital Analog and Digital Data & Signals Periodic & Aperiodic Signals

Signals Generally, the information is not in a form that can be transmitted over a Link The binary digits must be converted into a form that Transmission Medium can accept The data stream of 1s and 0s must be turned into Signals

Analog ANALOG CONTINUOUS Refers to something that is Continuous CONTINUOUS A set of specific points of data and all possible points between them

Digital DIGITAL DISCRETE Refers to something that is Discrete DISCRETE A set of specific points of data with no points in between

Analog and Digital Data Analog Data Human Voice Digital Data Data stored in the memory of a computer

Analog and Digital Signals

Periodic and Aperiodic Signals (Analog or Digital) Aperiodic

Periodic Signals A signal is called Periodic if it completes a pattern within a measurable time frame called a Period and then repeats that pattern over identical subsequent Periods

Periodic Signal Example

Aperiodic Signals An Aperiodic or Non-Periodic signal is the one that changes constantly without exhibiting a pattern or cycle that repeats over time

Aperiodic Signals

Analog Signals Analog signals can be classified into: Simple Analog Signal (Sine wave) Composite Analog Signal

Simple Analog Signal (Sine Wave)

Simple Analog Signal (Sine Wave) Sine waves can be fully described: Amplitude Period / Frequency Phase

Amplitude

Period and Frequency T= 1 / f OR f=1 / T

Units of Period & Frequency Seconds____Hertz Milliseconds____Kilohertz Microseconds____Megahertz Nanoseconds____Gigahertz Picoseconds____Terahertz

Summary Signals Analog and Digital Analog and Digital Data & Signals Periodic & Aperiodic Signals Sine Waves and its Characteristics

Suggested Reading Section 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 “Data Communications and Networking” 2nd Edition by Behrouz A. Forouzan

DATA COMMUNICATION Lecture-11