Chemiosmosis – making ATP - H+ diffuse thru ATP synthase - ATP synthase spins - P is added to ADP forming ATP

Carbon Fixation = the process of bonding the carbon atoms from CO2 into organic compounds Most common – Calvin cycle C3 plants (use 3-carbon compound – PGA) use only Calvin cycle

Alternate Pathways For plants evolved in hot, dry climates C4 pathway – fix low levels of CO2 into four-carbon compounds first Then sends it to Calvin cycle During hottest part of day, C4 plants have stomata partially closed, but have enzymes to fix CO2 Ex. Corn, sugar cane

CAM pathway – open stomata at night and closed stomata during day At night, take in CO2 and fix it into existing organic compounds to be stored temporarily During day, release CO2 from compounds to enter Calvin cycle Ex. Pineapple trees, cacti

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis 1) Temperature 2) Amount of light / light intensity 3) Amount of water 4) CO2 concentration 5) Wavelength / color of the spectrum