EOSC 112: THE FLUID EARTH OCEAN STRUCTURE

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Presentation transcript:

EOSC 112: THE FLUID EARTH OCEAN STRUCTURE Oc-1 Read: Kump et al. Chap.5, p. 83-85,93-94,101 Objectives: To describe the oceans’ size and shape; To describe the temperature structure of the oceans; To describe the surface currents; To describe the Oceans’ role in global heat transport. 12/6/2018 1:39:41 AM EOSC 112 lecture Oc-1

1. Size & shape of the ocean Average depth ~ 4 km Continental shelf: average width ~70 km, average depth at shelf break ~130 m Further offshore => continental slope => abyssal plain (broad plain of deep ocean) trenches: deepest 11 km (Mt. Everest 9 km) 12/6/2018 1:39:41 AM EOSC 112 lecture Oc-1

12/6/2018 1:39:41 AM EOSC 112 lecture Oc-1

2. Temperature: vertical thermocline-> Solar radiation absorbed within 100m of sea surface. Wind => surface mixed layer of 50-200m, (T is nearly uniform). Thermocline occurs between 200-1000m depth: T decr. rapidly with depth. Below thermocline, T decr. very slowly to 0-3oC at ocean bottom. 12/6/2018 1:39:41 AM EOSC 112 lecture Oc-1

Vertical section of temperature in Atlantic North South 12/6/2018 1:39:41 AM EOSC 112 lecture Oc-1

3. Surface currents Gyres: Large horizontal circulation cells (related to wind stress) Strong boundary currents: Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, 1-2 m/s (few cm/s elsewhere) 12/6/2018 1:39:41 AM EOSC 112 lecture Oc-1

4. Global heat transport Ocean transports almost as much heat poleward as atmosphere. Ocean dominates at low latitudes, atm. dominates at mid to high latitudes 12/6/2018 1:39:41 AM EOSC 112 lecture Oc-1