Altered intestinal bile salt biotransformation in a cystic fibrosis (Cftr−/−) mouse model with hepato-biliary pathology  Frank A.J.A. Bodewes, Mariëtte.

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Altered intestinal bile salt biotransformation in a cystic fibrosis (Cftr−/−) mouse model with hepato-biliary pathology  Frank A.J.A. Bodewes, Mariëtte Y.M. van der Wulp, Satti Beharry, Marcela Doktorova, Rick Havinga, Renze Boverhof, M. James Phillips, Peter R. Durie, Henkjan J. Verkade  Journal of Cystic Fibrosis  Volume 14, Issue 4, Pages 440-446 (July 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.12.010 Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Bile production and bile salt secretion parameters of Cftr+/+ and Cftr−/− mice. Biliary bile flow (A), bile salt concentration (B) bile salt secretion rate (C) and bile salt secretion rate (BSSR) vs. bile flow in Cftr knockout mice (Cftr−/−) and control littermates (Cftr+/+). Panel D shows the correlation between all individual BSSR vs. bile flow data within both groups. Here there is a significant correlation between BSSR and bile flow in Cftr+/+ (Spearman’s Rho 0.394, P=0.042), as well as in Cftr−/− mice (Spearman’s Rho=0.762, P=0.000). Data are presented as means±SEM of n=9 mice per group. *P-value<0.05. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 2015 14, 440-446DOI: (10.1016/j.jcf.2014.12.010) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Biliary bile salt profile of Cftr+/+ and Cftr−/− mice. Biliary bile salt profiles (A). Abbreviations: CA=cholic acid, DCA=deoxycholic acid, CDCA=chenodeoxycholic acid, HDCA=hyodeoxycholic acid, UDCA=ursodeoxycholic acid, UCA=ursocholic acid, MCA=muricholic acid. Data are presented as a percentage of different bile salt species (n=6–7 mice per group). Relative distribution between primary bile salt content and secondary bile salt (B). Primary bile salt content is decreased in Cftr−/− mice, whereas secondary bile salt content is increased (P=0.004). Heuman index (C) of the total biliary bile salts representing the hydrophobicity of bile salts. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 2015 14, 440-446DOI: (10.1016/j.jcf.2014.12.010) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Biliary phospholipid of Cftr+/+ and Cftr−/− mice. Phospholipid concentration (A) the phospholipid secretion vs. bile salt secretion rate (B) and phospholipid to bile salt ratio (C) in Cftr knockout mice (Cftr−/−) and control littermates (Cftr+/+), n=9 mice per group. If appropriate data presented as means±SEM of n=9 mice per group. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 2015 14, 440-446DOI: (10.1016/j.jcf.2014.12.010) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Fecal bile salt excretion and fecal bile salt profile of Cftr+/+ and Cftr−/− mice. Total bile salt excretion (A), presented as means±SEM. Bile salt profiles (B), data are presented as a percentage of different bile salt species present in bile. Abbreviations: CA=cholic acid, DCA=deoxycholic acid, CDCA=chenodeoxycholic acid, HDCA=hyodeoxycholic acid, UDCA=ursodeoxycholic acid, UCA=ursocholic acid, MCA=muricholic acid. n=9 mice per group. *P-value<0.05. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 2015 14, 440-446DOI: (10.1016/j.jcf.2014.12.010) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Fecal bacterial content of Cftr+/+ and Cftr−/− mice. Fecal content (bacteria per gram feces) of Bacteroides (A) Lactobacillus (B) and Clostridium coccoides (C) based on microbial DNA measurement. Data are presented as means±SEM of n=6–9 mice per group. *P-value<0.05. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 2015 14, 440-446DOI: (10.1016/j.jcf.2014.12.010) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions