You need to know how these form: Sub Topic Key Question: To be able to explain how different rock types and geological structures form different landforms You need to know how these form: Scarp and Vale Topography Plateau Ridges, uplands and fault scarps Key Question: How do scarp and vale landscapes form? Key Words: Scarp and Vale Topography Scarp Slope Dip Slope

This is the South Downs Escarpment This is the South Downs Escarpment. What questions could you ask about this landscape?

….it is a scarp and vale landscape

Where is the South Downs Escarpment? Map copyright Ordnance Survey The area referred to in this presentation is here

Physical features of the scarp and vale first on the photo……. 2 Escarpment Dip Slope 4 1. 3 Vale Scarp Slope 5 Spring Line 6 THINK: What rock might underly the escarpment and the vale?

Vale Spring Line Scarp Less resistant clay nearly horizontal More resistant chalk & dipping The first group to be able to explain the spring line gets a PRIZE!!!! Think Carefully!

Formation of scarp and vale landscapes There are two requirements before an escarpment can be formed: Alternate outcrops of chalk and clay Beds of rock dip at an angle to the ground (tiled due to Earth movements)

Is surface drainage present or absent? Why? …and then on the map The Scarp Slope Look at the contours and describe the relief The Dip Slope Look at the contours and describe the relief Is surface drainage present or absent? Why?

Physical Features on O.S. Map Clay Vale Springs Scarp slope Dip slope Escarpment Dry Valleys Map copyright Ordnance Survey

Block diagram…physical features Label your sketch with the main features of scarp and vale landscapes.

Block diagram…physical features River gap Dip Slope Spring line Escarpment Vale Scarp slope Porous chalk Impermeable clay

…other interesting features of scarp and vale look at the contours and describe the relief remember to refer to altitude and gradient is surface drainage present or absent? Why? Map copyright Ordnance Survey what is happening here? ..and here?

One of the springs

Another feature of the escarpment… Is photographed from here Map copyright Ordnance Survey

What is this feature? When and how were features like this created? ‘V’ shaped profile ..but no evidence of a stream It’s the dry valley called Devil’s Dyke

Scarp and Vale Topography ………………….. and dip slopes are geological features found on large ……………………….. such as the South Downs where one side is ……………. and irregular (………. slope) and the other side (……….. slope) is generally flatter and tilts at a continuous angle. The ……………………….. is where the water from the downs comes out. It is found at junction between permeable…………… above and impermeable…… below. Scarp ridges steep scarp dip spring line chalk clay Words: clay / spring line / dip / ridges / steep / scarp x2 / chalk

Plenary Sketch diagrams A and B from Figure 3 (p. 34). Describe the formation of a chalk escarpment and clay vale.

2 4 3 1 5 6 2 4 3 1 5 6 Labels: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5-6 = Labels: 1 = 2 =