7th Grade Science DO NOW Oct 11, 2016 Date: 10/11 DO NOW: How is it possible that a blonde child can be born to parents who both have brown hair?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What creates diversity among offspring? OBJECTIVES: -Video on advantages of Asexual Reproduction -Investigation: Dresophila Fly Fornication

Video: Advantages of Asexual Reproduction (watching only up to 2min 30sec.)

AA, rr, BB AA, rr, Bb Aa, rr, BB Aa, rr, Bb Vocabulary Review Phenotype: Curly wings, white eyes, tan body. Possible Genotype: AA, rr, BB AA, rr, Bb Aa, rr, BB Aa, rr, Bb Dominant Recessive Wings A = curly a=straight Eye Color R = red r = white Body Color B = tan b = yellow How is this genotype different than the others?

Allele: a version of one gene Example: curly wing allele = A VOCABULARY REVIEW Allele: a version of one gene Example: curly wing allele = A Example: straight wing allele = a Homozygous: having identical alleles or versions of a gene for a trait Example: Homozygous Dominant (AA) Example: Homozygous Recessive (aa) Heterozygous: having different alleles or versions of a gene for a trait Example: Heterozygous (Aa) “Homo” = Same “Hetero” = Different

Read introduction and answer the pre-lab questions. Investigation Tape the investigation handouts into your composition book. Make your notebook look like this picture. Read introduction and answer the pre-lab questions. Tape here only

Investigation: Sexual Reproduction 1. Each pair will get a nucleus (paper cup) with 4 allele pairs (red/yellow coins). 2. Shake up the cups and dump them out on the table (make sure the male and female alleles don’t get mixed up!) 3. Record the genotype and phenotype on your handout. 4. Repeat until you have data for 4 offspring. 5. Color your fruit fly drawings to match the offspring you created. Male Nucleus Alleles R r Female Nucleus Offspring Nucleus R R a a

Investigation: Asexual Reproduction 1. Close your eyes and select both chromosomes from the ONLY the female’s nucleus. 2. Record the genotype and phenotype on your handout. 3. Repeat until you have data for 2 offspring. 4. Color your fruit fly pictures to match your offspring. r r Female Nucleus r r

Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction Draw a line between groups of offspring. Label the first 4 offspring that had TWO PARENTS as SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: DIVERSE Label the offspring with ONE PARENT as ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: UNIFORM

Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction: DIVERSE Asexual Reproduction: UNIFORM

Investigation: Conclusion Answer the questions below using complete sentences. Compare the offspring made by sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Explain why the offspring made by sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction. Imagine a virus infects both populations of offspring and kills only red eyed flies. Which population of offspring is most likely to survive: the population of sexually or asexually reproducing flies? Explain your answer. Conclusion Questions

Exit Ticket How are the offspring of sexual reproduction different from the offspring of asexual reproduction?

DO NOW Oct 20 Date: 10/12 & 10/13 Q: A: DO NOW: What are some of the different phenotypes in your family?  Are there any members in your family that look different than all the others?  Explain why you think that is.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What creates diversity among offspring? OBJECTIVES: -Punnett square practice -Two-column notes on types of reproduction -Compare the types of reproduction in a mind map

Video Asexual Reproduction

NOTES: Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Expectations: -Level 1 Voice -DO NOT visit any other websites during your note taking. -Stay on task

TWO COLUMN NOTES Main Idea or Vocabulary on the left Details and definitions on the right

Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring. Heredity is responsible for how you have your mother’s eyes and your father’s smile. Along with this inherited similarity though, there is also variation, as we are not exact clones of our mothers and fathers.

Offspring are the new organisms produced by one or more parents Offspring are the new organisms produced by one or more parents. (children, babies, young)

The study of heredity in biology is called genetics.

The Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied mathematics and science but became a gardener in a monastery.    

The Father of Genetics Mendel thought there was a connection between the flower color of a pea plant and the type of seed the plant produced. He began to experiment with garden peas in 1856. Mendel made careful use of experimental design to study pea plants and had the first recorded study of how traits pass from one generation to the next.

Reproduction Reproduction - biological process by which new "offspring" (individual organisms) are produced from their "parents". *It is the process by which an organism produces others of its same kind.

Turn to your partner and discuss the following questions: Do all organisms reproduce? Do all organisms reproduce in the same way?

Types of Reproduction Asexual - one parent Sexual - two parents Offspring are UNIFORM Sexual - two parents Offspring are DIVERSE

Asexual Reproduction: a type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced from one parent and has the same DNA or genetic material as the parent. Spider plant offspring Yeast cells dividing (budding)

Asexual Reproduction Requires only one parent Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the parent. In other words, the offspring are exact “clones” of the parent. Mitosis Movie

Asexual Reproduction Advantages: Animals that remain in one place and are unable to look for mates would need to reproduce asexually. Numerous offspring can be produced without "costing" the parent a great amount of energy or time. This type of reproduction is also faster. Environments that are stable and experience very little change are the best places for organisms that reproduce asexually. Disadvantages: Lack of genetic variation - all of the organisms are genetically identical and therefore share the same weaknesses. If the stable environment changes, the consequences could be deadly to all of the individuals. *Animals are not the only organisms that reproduce asexually. Yeasts, plants, and bacteria are capable of asexual reproduction as well.

Asexual Reproduction Gremlins Clip

Turn to your partner and discuss 1 new fact that you just learned about asexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction: a type of reproduction in which two cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a new organism with its own genetic identity. Plant Animal

Sexual Reproduction Advantage: Allows genetic variation or diversity within a species which assists with the species survival Disadvantages: Requires 2 parents Reproduction is slower

Sexual Reproduction Most of the members of the Animal Kingdom Fish Mammals Amphibians Birds Reptiles Insects Crustaceans

Sexual Reproduction Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually Chickens Iguanas Lobsters Sharks Humans Butterflies Sunflowers Roses

Sexual Reproduction Happens 2 ways Internally (inside) The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders Externally (outside) The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes them. Fish and some amphibians Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)

Asexual Reproduction Examples

Asexual Reproduction Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually Hydra Sea Star Strawberry Eubacteria Euglena Paramecium Yeast

Types of Asexual Reproduction Fragmentation Fragmentation is where a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals. Ex. Planaria

Types of Asexual Reproduction Vegetative Propagation (Plant cuttings) http://leavingbio.net/VEGETATIVEPROPAGATION.htm Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction in plants where new parts grow from parts of the parent plant. It has long been used in horticulture and agriculture. Ex. Spider Plant

Types of Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Bacteria Protists Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two.

Types of Asexual Reproduction Budding Movie Budding is where a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently.

Types of Asexual Reproduction Regeneration Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one. Ex. Lizard Tail *The ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs

A whole new starfish can grow from a single arm that was cut off a starfish organism. A planarian is a tiny flatworm that lives in ponds. If a planarian is cut into pieces, each piece will grow into a new planarian. Yeast are one-celled organisms that produce offspring from a bulge that forms and breaks away from the parent.

Exit Ticket Which offspring, sexual or asexual, are likely to have genetic variation? Which offspring will be identical?

DO NOW What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? Date: 10/14 What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? Use complete sentences.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How are traits passed from parents to offspring (children)? OBJECTIVES: -DNA extraction lab -Review Vocabulary for Heredity. -Play Science BINGO using vocabulary

SCIENCE BINGO! Fill in all of the empty spaces with one word from the back of your card. Words can be used twice, but not in the same row or column. genes alleles phenotype phenotype As you hear the definition of a word, check it off your paper. Any full horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line results in Bingo!

Independent Practice Sponge Bob Genetics Sheet

DO NOW Oct 23, 2015 7th grade Science Date: 10/17 Q: Sexual Reproduction creates diversity in offspring? DO NOW: Describe the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction in your own words.  Use complete sentences.

Quiz Level ZERO Voice