The Allies Turn the Tide Chapter 14.3

All out war The U.S. and Great Britain directed economic resources into the war effort and limited the rights of citizens and freedom of the press. Japanese Americans and German refugees in Britain suffered for their heritage. Women filled many war industry jobs as men joined the military.

Rosie The Riveter

The Allies Forge Ahead In 1942 and 1943, the Allies won victories in the Pacific, North Africa, Italy, the Soviet Union, and France. Both Japan and Nazi Germany were put on the defensive as the U.S. pushed across North Africa and into Italy and also island-hopped across the Pacific Soviet troops began advancing into Eastern Europe.

The Allies Push Towards Germany D-Day The Allies invaded the coast of Normandy on June 6, 1944, and enter into a costly battle. Goal is to head toward Paris and retake France

D-Day Formal planning for the invasion of Northwest Europe began in 1943. a target date of spring 1944 was set for the long-awaited attack. In December 1943 a commander for the operation was selected. The choice was an American,General Dwight D. Eisenhower.

D-Day Eisenhower had directed Allied invasion forces in North Africa and Italy. He and his staff then prepared the details of a plan to organize, transport, land, and supply the largest amphibious invasion force in history.

D-Day The operation was code-named "Overlord." The outcome of the war rested upon its success. The plan for Operation Overlord entailed landing nine divisions of sea and airborne troops, over 150,000 men, along a 60-mile stretch of coast in just 24 hours.

D-Day On D-Day, three airborne divisions, one British and two American, would drop behind the landing beaches. Their job, seize beach exits, capture key transportation and communication points, and block German counterattacks. Six divisions would assault the five landing beaches.

The Allies Push Towards Germany After gaining France back, an intensive bombing campaign crippled Germany’s industries and devastated many of its cities. Germany did launch a last ditch counter-attack called the Battle of the Bulge (December 1944).

Battle Of The Bulge Its objective was to split the Allied armies the Allies’ leadership miscalculated and left the Ardennes lightly defended by only two inexperienced and two battered American divisions. On December 16, three German armies (more than a quarter-million troops) launched the deadliest and most desperate battle of the war

Battle Of The Bulge As the German armies drove deeper into the Ardennes in an attempt to secure vital bridges. The line defining the Allied front took on the appearance of a large protrusion or bulge (the name by which the battle would forever be known). A crucial German shortage of fuel and the gallantry of American troops fighting in the frozen forests of the Ardennes proved fatal to Hitler’s plans.

Battle Of The Bulge Lieutenant General George S. Patton’s remarkable feat of turning the Third Army ninety degrees from Lorraine to relieve the besieged town of Bastogne was the key to thwarting the German counteroffensive. The Battle of the Bulge was the costliest action ever fought by the U.S. Army, which suffered over 100,000 casualties.

Uneasy Agreement in Yalta Yalta Conference Second big meeting of Churchill, Roosevelt, & Stalin Churchill and Roosevelt needed Stalin’s help to win the war, they agreed to many of his demands regarding the annexation and determination of lands in Asia and Eastern Europe.

Uneasy Agreement in Yalta Yalta Conference Agreed that Germany would be temporarily divided into four zones after their unconditional surrender Stalin agreed to hold free elections in Eastern Europe. (Stalin will break this promise)