Introduction to Brain and Behavior Dr. Hakan

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Brain and Behavior Dr. Hakan Psychology 256 Introduction to Brain and Behavior Dr. Hakan

What is the Brain? Billions of nerve cells

What is the Brain? Thousands of connections where one neuron may interact (communicate) with other neurons. As many as 10,000 connections 40+ neurochemicals ( neurotransmitters)

Why Study the Brain? Sensation Motion Internal Regulation Reproduction Adaptation EVERYTHING WE DO!

Overarching Principles of Brain function Hierarchically organized Redundant control Inhibition Automaticity Conscious vs Unconscious processes

The Scientific Method Empiricism Objectivity Measurement and testing replication

Basic Organization of the Nervous System Central Nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) CNS- brain and spinal cord

PNS -peripheral nerves and the ANS

The autonomic division of the PNS

And somatosenses

The Organization of the Brain: An Overview The Forebrain ( Telencephalon and Diencephalon) The Midbrain (Mesencephalon) The Hindbrain ( Metencephalon and Meyelencephalon)

The Forebrain Cerebral Cortex Cortical lobes Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal Basal Ganglia and Limbic system The diencephalon Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Cortical lobes Thin Wrinkled Sulci and Gyri

Cortical lobes Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

Cortical Lobes Occipital- Vision Temporal- hearing/ speech Parietal- somatosensory Frontal- speech, motor responses and executive functions

The Telencephalon- Basal Ganglia and Limbic system Basal Ganglia- includes the “neostriatum” and substantia nigra Highly ingrained behaviors

Limbic System Amygdala, hippocampus and other structures Emotional impulses

The diencephalon Thalamus and Hypothalamus Thalamus- sensory relay

Diencephalon Hypothalamus The 4 F’s

The Midbrain (mesencephalon) Superior and inferior colliculi Substantia Nigra

Midbrain Superior colliculi- visual orienting reflex Inferior colliculi- auditory orienting reflex Substantia Nigra- initiation and switching of behaviors

The Hindbrain Cerebellum Medulla (metencephalon) Oblongata (myelencephalon)

Hindbrain Cerebellum- Motor coordination Medulla oblongata- regulation of vital functions Incoming ( afferent) and outgoing (efferent) fibers

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