Olfactory pathway Domina Petric, MD.

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Olfactory pathway Domina Petric, MD

copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com Introduction The olfactory mucosa contains the olfactory receptor neurons that are responsible for scent transduction. The transduction occurs in the olfactory receptors located on cilia at the ends of the olfactory receptor neurons. 12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

The olfactory epithelium The olfactory epithelium includes several distinct cell types. The most important of these is the olfactory receptor neuron: a bipolar cell that gives rise to a small in diameter, unmyelinated axon at its basal surface axon transmits olfactory information centrally 12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com The olfactory cilia At its apical surface, the receptor neuron gives rise to a single process. The process expands into a protrusion from which several microvilli, olfactory cilia, extend into a thick layer of mucus.  Two other cell classes are also in the olfactory epithelium: basal cells and sustentacular (supporting) cells. 12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

The oflactory receptors Olfactory receptors are protein molecules attached to the olfactory receptor neurons. There are about 1,000 kinds of olfactory receptors. All the olfactory receptors are the same on each olfactory receptor neuron. 12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

Passive vs. assisted pathway Odorant molecules can reach the olfactory receptors via a passive pathway or an assisted pathway.  12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com The passive pathway Molecules reach the olfactory mucosa via inhaled air.  12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com The assisted pathway The molecules attach to an olfactory binding protein that transports them directly to the olfactory receptors. 12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com The electrical signal The electrical signal is sent via the axons of the olfactory neurons to structures called glomeruli on the left and right olfactory bulbs. 12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com http://archive.cnx.org 12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com The olfactory pathway Information is conducted from the olfactory bulbs by the lateral olfactory tract to the primary olfactory cortex. it goes to the thalamus (mediodorsal nucleus) and on to the orbito-frontal cortex.  Here the conscious smell perception occurs.  12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com Limbic system The limbic system is involved in the perception of emotions and is responsible for the "affective" component of smell. 12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com Literature http://www.ucalgary.ca http://archive.cnx.org https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10896/ (Neuroscience, 2nd edition) 12/6/2018 copyright 2006 www.brainybetty.com

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