Axial Muscles.

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Presentation transcript:

Axial Muscles

Skeletal of trunk and tail hypobranchial tongue extrinsic muscles of eye

Metamerism Origins in mesodermal somites

Fish Axial muscles consist of myomeres separated by myosepta Except in agnathans these are divided into dorsal (epaxial) and ventral (hypaxial) masses by the horizontal skeletogenous septum Metamerism is interrupted by pelvic and pectoral girdles. Dorsal to gills are epibranchials; beneath gills hypobranchials

Tetrapods Most metamerism lost due to locomotion Amniotes develop strap-like or pinnate epaxials above the transverse process (TP). Similar arrangements beneath TP allow greater flexibility.

Epaxials of trunk: from base of skull to tail called dorsalis trunci in amphibians 4 groups in amniotes - Intervertebrals Longissimus Spinales Iliocostales

Hypaxials of trunk: Subvertebrals (quadratus lumborum and psoas) Oblique and transverse Rectus

Hypobranchial and Tongue Muscles Mesenchyme of postbranchial somites move forward in floor of pharynx (ant. extensions of hypaxial muscles)