Objective: To examine how dissenters began to challenge the power of the Puritans. Do Now: Why did Thomas Hooker leave Massachusetts, and where did he go? Anne Hutchinson Roger Williams Thomas Hooker

Famous Puritan Dissenters Thomas Hooker • In 1636, Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts because he thought that the governor had too much power. • Hooker set up the colony of Connecticut. Statue of Thomas Hooker, Hartford, Connecticut

Roger Williams • Roger Williams believed in the “separation of church and state”. separation of church and state - the belief that the government and religion should have no official relationship

U.S. Supreme Court and the Ten Commandments February 11, 2005

• In 1635, Williams was ordered back to England. • Instead, he left Massachusetts and formed the colony of Rhode Island. • Rhode Island became a refuge (a safe place) for people seeking religious freedom. Roger Williams purchased his colony from the natives, then made all welcome.

Touro Synagogue, Newport, RI The congregation was founded in 1658 by Sephardim who fled the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal and were searching for a haven from religious persecution in the Caribbean.

This statue of Roger Williams memorializes him in Roger Williams Park, Providence, Rhode Island

First Baptist Church in America First Baptist Church in America. Williams founded the congregation in 1638 (postcard from 1909)

Anne Hutchinson • Anne Hutchinson openly talked about and criticized the teachings of the Puritan ministers.

• In 1637, Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts. • In 1638, Hutchinson moved to Rhode Island. Anne Hutchinson on trial

Anne Hutchinson Memorial, Massachusetts State House The statue was erected in 1922. The inscription on the marble pediment of the statue reads: IN MEMORY OF ANNE MARBURY HUTCHINSON BAPTIZED AT ALFORD LINCOLNSHIRE ENGLAND 20 JULY 1595 (sic) KILLED BY THE INDIANS AT EAST CHESTER NEW YORK 1643 COURAGEOUS EXPONENT OF CIVIL LIBERTY AND RELIGIOUS TOLERATION Anne Hutchinson Memorial, Massachusetts State House

Like Anne Hutchinson, Mary Dyer was banished from Massachusetts Like Anne Hutchinson, Mary Dyer was banished from Massachusetts. Eventually, she was hanged for challenging Puritan orthodoxy.