Why is the periodic table shaped this way?

The periodic table can really help us understand chemistry.

The periodic table can really help us understand chemistry. HOW?

Because you will get to USE the periodic table on EOGs!!!! YAAAAY!!!! IT’S LIKE LEGAL CHEATING!!!

First, let’s learn how this table actually reads…

Elements in the periodic table increase one by one, left to right as the atomic _________ increases ( _________(+))

Elements in the periodic table increase one by one, left to right as the atomic number increases ( PROTONS(+))

hand-out periodic table

refresher ROWS COLUMNS LEFT to RIGHT UP & DOWN

Of course it would be easy if the PERIODIC TABLE just called these 7 rows ROWS Remember that the two rows at the bottom actually squeeze into rows 6 & 7 at column 3

Remember that these two bottom rows actually squeeze into group 3

It would nice if the PERIODIC TABLE just called these 7 rows…ROWS

It would be nice if the PERIODIC TABLE just called these 7 rows…ROWS

The PERIODIC TABLE calls ITS ROWS=PERIODS

ROWS=PERIODS LET’S NUMBER THEM…

7 rows = 7 PERIODS P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

check for understanding…

7 rows = 7 PERIODS P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

Of course it would be easy if the PERIODIC TABLE just called these 7 rows ROWS and you’d THINK they’d just call the 18 columns of the PERIODIC TABLE COLUMNS

Of course it would be easy if the PERIODIC TABLE just called these 7 rows ROWS and you’d THINK they’d just call the 18 columns of the PERIODIC TABLE COLUMNS….

COLUMNS = GROUPS P1 LET’S NUMBER THEM… P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

We have 18 GROUPS in the periodic table.

7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS Make sure to number them! G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 P4 P5 P6 P7

7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

check for understanding…

Of course, we have already learned quite a bit about this Periodic Table.

We already know that the atomic number = number of _________

We already know that the atomic number = number of protons(+)

you should already know this… the atomic number (number of protons (+)) is how we ________ each element!

you should already know this… the atomic number (number of protons (+)) is how we identify each element!

and we already learned how to find the number of neutrons (o) in the center of each atom. N (o) = ATOMIC MASS – ?

and we already learned how to find the number of neutrons (o) in the center of each atom. N (o) = ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER

and we already learned how to find the number of neutrons (o) in the center of each atom. N (o) = ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER N (o) = 7 – 3…4 neutrons in a lithium atom

atomic basics worksheet… Atoms usually want equal numbers of electrons(-) orbiting their protons(+) to balance their charges.

atomic basics worksheet… number of electrons USUALLY = number of protons Atoms usually want equal numbers of electrons(-) orbiting their protons(+) to balance their charges.

Why is the periodic table shaped this way? …with its 7 rows/periods and its 18 columns/ groups?

Why is the periodic table shaped this way? With this big dip in the middle? …with its 7 rows/periods and its 18 columns/ groups?

Hand-out “first twenty elements/atoms go here”

Let’s just look at the first twenty elements here….

…are represented HERE. H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca

Below each element abbreviation, write their number of protons (+) & number of neutrons(o) in each atom’s nucleus H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca

Did you notice anything strange about Hydrogen atoms??

Why doesn’t Hydrogen have any neutrons like ALL other elements?

The NEUTRAL particle in the center of atoms that helps hold the protons together in the nucleus is the NEUTRON!

Why doesn’t Hydrogen have any neutrons like ALL other elements? HYDROGEN is the ONLY ELEMENT WITHOUT a NEUTRON, becaues it doesn’t need them to stick multiple protons together!!

Below each element abbreviation, write their number of protons (+) & number of neutrons(o) in each atom’s nucleus H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca HYDROGEN is the ONLY ELEMENT WITHOUT a NEUTRON, becaues it doesn’t need them to stick multiple protons together!!

Put this sheet aside for now. Get back to you notes.

What about the number of electrons?

Electrons(-) usually = protons(+), to balance out the charge of an atom, but we haven’t talked much about electrons(-)! (o).

O________ electrons (-) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBINING ATOMS/ELEMENTS INTO __________!

Orbiting electrons (-) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBINING ATOMS/ELEMENTS INTO nearly infinitE types of MOLECULES!

the shape of the periodic table is all about those orbiting electrons(-)

This is where it gets trippy!! because electrons (-) do not just randomly orbit around the atomic nucleus. This is where it gets trippy!!

just like our planets orbit the sun,

just like our planets orbit the sun in distinct orbits…

just like our planets orbit the sun in distinct orbits… electrons orbit the atomic nucleus in distinct orbits too!!

just like our planets orbit the sun in distinct orbits… electrons orbit the atomic nucleus in distinct orbits too!!

LET’S LOOK AT THE FIRST TWENTY ELEMENTS AGAIN, but WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO ELECTRONS! hand-out 2nd sheet…

What do you notice about electron (-) orbits? P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

Go back to your periodic table for just a bit...

7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS G18 G1 G2 P1 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 P4 P5 G3 P6 P7 All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

EZ homework…

FIRST, READ AND FILL OUT ALL THE BLANKS INCLUDING THE ONES BELOW. P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

FIRST, READ AND FILL OUT THE BOTTOM INFORMATION FIRST, READ AND FILL OUT THE BOTTOM INFORMATION. THEN, RE-FILL THE NUMBERS OF PROTONS (+) AND NEUTRONS (o) for these FIRST TWENTY ELEMENTS. H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

day 2 Today we continue with how ELECTRONS shape the Periodic Table

Orbiting electrons (-) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBINING ATOMS/ELEMENTS INTO nearly infinitE types of MOLECULES!

The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS G18 G1 G2 P1 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 P4 P5 G3 P6 P7 All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS G18 G1 G2 P1 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 But WHY are there ONLY 2 elements in PERIOD 1 P4 P5 G3 P6 P7 All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

ONLY UP TO 2 ELECTRONS CAN FIT IN THE FIRST INNERMOST ORBIT The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca ONLY UP TO 2 ELECTRONS CAN FIT IN THE FIRST INNERMOST ORBIT Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca After this inner orbit is filled, the NEXT electrons have to go onto the second orbit! Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS G18 G1 G2 P1 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 P4 But WHY are there ONLY 8 elements in PERIOD 2 P5 G3 P6 P7 All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

ONLY UP TO 8 ELECTRONS CAN FIT IN the SECOND ORBIT The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca ONLY UP TO 8 ELECTRONS CAN FIT IN the SECOND ORBIT Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

ONCE YOU GET PAST 10 ELECTRONS, THE NEXT 8 FILL UP THE 3rd ORBIT The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca ONCE YOU GET PAST 10 ELECTRONS, THE NEXT 8 FILL UP THE 3rd ORBIT Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS G18 G1 G2 P1 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 THAT’S WHY THERE ARE ONLY 8 ELEMENTS IN PERIOD 3 TOO! P4 P5 G3 P6 P7 All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

I will assign your table groups different elements to model I will assign your table groups different elements to model. Grab an atom kit and get into your table groups of 2-4. FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS ON YOUR SHEET TO PLACE PROTONS(+), NEUTRONS(o) & YOUR ELECTRONS(-) IN THE CORRECT ORBITS!!!.

Be ready to come up here and show your results Be ready to come up here and show your results! I’LL DO THE FIRST TWO E-Z ONES H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

HYDROGEN…

HELIUM…

The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

you will be assigned one of the elements 11-20 to model. second round… you will be assigned one of the elements 11-20 to model.

The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H P(+)= N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

MAKE SURE YOUR SHEET IS COMPLETE TOO!!! CAREFULLY!! N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

GREAT! Now staple thesE sheetS in your notes & don’t lose it!!!!