Creating Orbital Diagrams Visual of an atom to show numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons An atom is stable when its outer most orbital is full Becoming stable is the reason why bonds form between elements Gain e- or lose e- to be stable

Creating Orbital Diagrams Rules for orbitals: 1st orbital = at most 2 electrons 2nd orbital = at most 8 electrons 3rd orbital = at most 8 electrons 4th orbital = at most 18 electrons 4th 3rd 2nd 1st

Creating Orbital Diagrams Steps for making Orbital Diagrams: Find element on Periodic Table Determine number of P, N, & e- How many orbitals needed based on the number of e- ? Draw the nucleus Write the number of P and N inside of the nucleus. Draw the orbitals Fill in the e- using the rules for orbitals Determine if stable or unstable # P # N

Creating Orbital Diagrams Example of how to create an orbital diagram. - HYDROGEN - H Protons = 1 Neutrons = 0 Electrons = 1 Orbitals needed =1st only Is a Hydrogen atom Stable? NO, because the outer orbital is NOT full Needs 1 electron to become stable 1 P 0 N

Creating Orbital Diagrams Example of how to create an orbital diagram. - CARBON - C Protons = Neutrons = Electrons = Orbitals needed = Is a Carbon atom Stable? NO, because the outer orbital is NOT full Needs to gain 4 e- to become stable P N

Example: Example of how to create an orbital diagram. - NITROGEN - Protons = Neutrons = Electrons = Orbitals needed = Is a Nitrogen atom Stable? NO, because the outer orbital is NOT full Needs to gain 3 e- to become stable P N

Orbital Assignments 1- 2, 7, 8, 10 7- 3, 7, 8, 10 2- 3, 5, 7, 9 Write down the assigned number given (1-12) Using the directions on the sheet given, complete the orbital diagrams project for your elements (atomic #s) Use pipe cleaners, string, pom-pom balls, etc. to create your diagrams Your # Atomic Numbers Your # Atomic Numbers 1- 2, 7, 8, 10 7- 3, 7, 8, 10 2- 3, 5, 7, 9 8- 2, 5, 7, 8 3- 1, 4, 10, 12 9- 4, 5, 6, 10 4- 2, 6, 9, 11 10- 1, 4, 6, 10 5- 4, 6, 8, 10 11- 2, 3, 8, 13 6- 2, 3, 7, 11 12- 3, 5, 9, 12