Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Turban and Volonino Chapter 4 Networks and Collaboration As Business Solutions Information Technology for Management Improving Performance in the Digital Economy 7th edition John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Slides contributed by Dr. Sandra Reid Chair, Graduate School of Business & Professor, Technology Dallas Baptist University Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter Outline 4.1 Enterprise Networks, Connectivity, and Trends 4.2 Network Management, and Collaboration Technology 4.3 Wireless, Enterprise Mobility, and IP Telephony 4.4 Discovery, Search, and Customized Delivery 4.5 Collaboration and Web-based Meetings Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chapter Outline cont’d 4.6 Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues 4.7 Managerial Issues Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Learning Objectives Describe networks, network standards, and compatibility issues. Describe the impacts of collaboration on business performance. Explain fixed, wireless, and mobile network infrastructures. Understand the influence of search engines and enterprise search. Identify ways to customize search and delivery to increase productivity. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Learning Objectives cont’d 6. Describe the fundamental principles and capabilities of group work technologies. 7. Evaluate the managerial, social and ethical issues be related to the use of network computing. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure IT 7eU The Business Performance Management Cycle and IT Model Figure IT 7eU provides opportunity to discuss overview of IT’s role in corporate strategy setting and its intricate importance to performance as business solutions and the resulting profitability. Throughout the “semester” student learning will be evolving surrounding this chart making it good to begin by going back to it to integrate learning. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Networks, Collaboration, and Super Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl 39 is the subject of the opening case and it is all about connectivity. These pictures represent the front side of behind the scenes needs individually for networks and collaboration portals for stakeholders in Super Bowl 39. This is good beginning discussion for what follows in the next few slides. Click on the football players and ticket/ring pictures for more about depth of integration of technology required , Sir Paul McCartney will go to the YouTube video of his performance and gives a visual of the magnitude of technological connectivity requirements. Why was connectivity a critical success factor for Super Bowl XXXIX? There was only minimal time to go between events….security is always an issue & could ruin all future events causing huge personal & financial losses. Since there is a party atmosphere, visitors should not be expected to have to worry about the details. However, there is transportation, housing, food, security, etc., to all be coordinated exactly making the connectivity a major critical success factor. One area is dependent upon others for logistics. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Problems, Options, and Results Problem – logistic support needed to manage needs of spirited fans, security at 6,000 events, and coordination of 53 separate government agencies at multiple levels. Options – real-time Web-based communication and collaboration portal with 1,900 laptop users connected to the portal. ISM department implemented eSponder from Convergence Communications. Results – incident command team watched on wall-sized screen display. Immediate responses to emergencies with instant access to information. Networked and collaboration operations were a success. This slide summarizes the opening case of Super Bowl XXXIX as a business case for further, in-depth study. Supplemental slides that follow will burst out important components for discussion in each of the respective areas should a professor choose to do so. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Electronic Surveillance See "The State of Surveillance" article in BusinessWeek See the surveillance slideshow Sense-through-the-Wall This facilitates discussion about importance of security at such an event as Super Bowl XXXIX but is relevant to business overall. The 53 government agencies would share in this part of the problem/solution. Students may discuss how likely total security really would be in a given situation; at what price security both from a resource and rights overall perspective. TOTAL security is never possible. TOTAL might be prohibitive in terms of cost. Select areas may need complete security such as for world leaders. Certainly, total security means that “rights” are given up potentially. The BusinessWeek article is an interesting look at the state of surveillance today. The surveillance slideshow accompanies the BusinessWeek article. The additional surveillance slides show modern surveillance equipment. The video is a tongue-in-cheek look at how little privacy all of us have left. The video is a great example of the impacts that data aggregators, digital dossiers, and profiling might have in the very near future. Sense-through-the-Wall is a technology by Oceanit (www.oceanit.com) that allows you to see if anyone is in a building, prior to entering, by detecting a person’s heartbeat and respiration. Clicking on the link will show a brief animation of this technology….good discussion opportunity about “big brother watching” and whether security is really a “right.” Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4.1 Enterprise Networks, Connectivity, and Trends Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Networked Devices Networked devices are devices that communicate with a network. Technologies include laptops, PDAs, cell and smartphones, wikis, intranets, and extranets, GPSs, POS terminals, and RFID which allow information to be rapidly collected, processed, shared, and acted upon for competitive survival and advantage taking. Feature-rich wireless devices make collaboration easier and more productive which indicates a more integrated, always-connected business environment and lifestyle. Informational slide. How many students have laptops? Cell phones? GPS in car? How about phones with locator devices activated? Discuss pervasive & intrusive aspects of latest technologies. GPS in cell phones, do we really want marketers to know where we are, what we are doing at all times? Probably not. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apple – Famous for its Creative Connectivity – iPhone…… Click on the images to take you to the respective web pages. IPhones bring together, integrate, all aspects of personal and professional activities increasing productivity on all fronts. This product took the consumer & business markets by storm. Discuss this as a true innovation versus incremental & natural extension of the technology. Innovation is a total change in something…for instance, the Internet technology was a true innovation. Good opportunity to discuss ethics behind product being copied in Asia before it was even introduced by the creator, Apple. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.                                       BlackBerry – Executive Productivity Enhanced through Wireless Internet Device BlackBerry Bold Be Bold Accept no substitutes. The BlackBerry® Bold™ smartphone embodies elegant design – without sacrificing the features or functionality you expect from a premium smartphone. Find out if the BlackBerry Bold is available in your area by viewing the list below – select your country from the drop-down to learn more Appeal to the executive, or the executive-wannabe. Discuss as a status symbol; extraordinary productivity paradigm shift. Does this help or hurt the concept of balanced work life? For many, it is destructive because the implication is coverage & connectivity 24/7. It is a status symbol on the surface while underneath it is avoidance of true managing resources – delegating, letting others do what they get paid to do, training, mentoring, coaching, etc. Business-friendly software make handhelds more attractive and cost-justifiable to managers & road warriors. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Social Networking Shrinks the World Social networking via mobile phones is shrinking the world to the size of a small screen. Micro-blogging is the sending of messages up to 140 characters. With more than 3 billion mobile handsets in use in the world (1 for every 2 people on the planet) a powerful force for changes in business and collaboration as well as politics and societies have emerged. News media, universities, public safety, and other organizations are using the technology to deliver information to a wide audience quickly. Informational slide. How many students use text capabilities frequently? In what capacity? Discuss importance of knowing when to NOT…such as when driving, when talking to others, participating in family & personal activities. Social networks bring communities of people together where in the past it was impossible due to huge distances, differences in culture, resources, etc. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Information on Internet Bulletin Boards, Newsgroups, and Social Networking Sites This slide is offered for discussion related to connectivity trends. As we hire Gen Yers, this group comes expecting these platforms as a means for communication. Each of these sites affords opportunities to find out more about our customers to promote building & maintaining relationships over the long term. Refer to later discussions in Chapter 10 (CRM). What is social networking? Social Networking Sites often include electronic discussions such as chat rooms. These sites appear on the Internet, within corporate intranets, and on blogs. What is a blog? A blog (Weblog) is an informal, personal journal that is frequently updated and intended for general public reading. The logos represent popular social networking sites. Clicking on the logo will take you to the respective home pages. Social Networks Go to Work is linked to an article recommended to stimulate discussion regarding pervasive presence of social networking in organizations. These sites are very important to the success, and can lead to the failure, of business activities, events, promotions, etc. Word-of-mouth communication, while not easily controlled by organizations, is facilitated greatly through such special interest groups. Chapter 14 will be a discussion how to pull these text messages together for business intelligence & use. Click to PCWorld Business Center article for more…. Social Networks Go to Work Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

More Social Network Sites Check out this BusinessWeek slideshow Radar Networks has developed Twine, which claims to be the first Web 3.0 social networking site. Slide show is fun, informative, good alternative & point for discussion to add practical application to the discussions. twine can be considered to be a knowledge management tool for the masses. There is more discussion about KM in Chapter 10 but this is unique from KM aspect. Each user’s Twine home page is a personal dashboard. Its central feature is a list of updates not unlike the Facebook News Feed—that allows a user to import any memo, website, video, or photo from anywhere on the desktop or Internet. Twine then uses semantic web technology to automatically organize all of the user’s information by theme and then infer what other information might also interest that user. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Social Networking Sites Can Cause You Problems Anyone can post derogatory information about you anonymously. (See this Washington Post article.) You can also hurt yourself, as this article shows. This slide is offered to discuss the dark side of social networking sites. There can be serious, and permanent, impacts upon personal & professional lives associated with poor decision making &/or ignoring what is posted about us by others. The second article shows students how information they (or others) post to social networking sites can impact their lives, in particular, their job search. This information may take the form of text, images, etc. Discussion may be facilitated regarding the impact one’s personal and professional lives from involvement overall in such sites. It can become an addiction. It can be a way of avoiding face-to-face contact. A moment of spontaneous action may be impossible to correct once put on the internet. This is a great opportunity to discuss the value of thinking first, and acting second…never assuming that anything is private. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Table 4.1 Discuss improved network performance that translates to opportunities for m-commerce, collaboration, supply chain management, telecommuting, and other productivity gains. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Growth Toward High-Capacity Networks Advancements in networks, devices, wireless sensor networks are changing enterprise information infrastructures and business environments dramatically and quickly. Need for physical computers has drastically declined. IP technology provides access to data, people, or services anytime, anywhere in the world offering universal connectivity. Bluetooth and WiFi further explanation. Discuss social responsibilities – ie: does the gap get bigger between the “haves” & “have nots.” Implications for special needs individuals, education, third world countries. How might an initiative be coordinated that would move obsolete equipment that is salvageable into third world countries to improve living conditions through new employment opportunities? Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Bluetooth and WiFi Intelligence Revolution Click the respective logos for the homepage Technology continuing to increase mobility and reducing reliance on physical, stationary computer systems. Provides access to anything anywhere anytime. Discuss various opportunities for business applications such as mobile sales force, emergency medicine units to name just 2…students will have many others for discussion. is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used in home networks, mobile phones, video games and more. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IP Networks Backbone that is driving merger of voice, data, video and radio waves by digitizing content into packets. Happening on a global scale and changing the way the world conducts its business. Improved network performance, measured by its data transfer capacity, provides fantastic opportunities for mobile commerce, collaboration, supply chain management, remote work, and other productivity gains. Discuss local versus global business from a world competition perspective. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4.2 Network Management and Collaboration Technology Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Network Management and Collaboration Technology Computer networks are the circulatory system of information, communication, or collaboration systems. Networks provide the means to communicate and deliver/receive information from the growing number of devices used to run an enterprise. Effective communication is a critical success factor. Discuss ramifications of a “network blackout.” Can bankrupt an organization if severe enough. Many failed with the aftermath of 911. How likely is it? Extremely likely. How can companies, countries protect themselves? Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Consequences of Bad Planning and Testing Network card crash left more than 20,000 stranded at LAX in August 2007 Outage started with malfunctioning NIC on a single workstation on CBP’s LAN Switch on network crashed Problem was misdiagnosed Improper backup system Outdated technology Discuss need for the right technology, training, & people to avoid future disasters. Integrate Figure 4.2 in with the discussion on how to fix. There should be proper planning, maintenance, management, upgrades & bandwidth to ensure sufficient capacity & connectivity to link people, places, & data. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Global Business Performance An enterprise’s network capability depends on proper planning, maintenance, management, upgrades, and bandwidth of the network. Requires those who need to access the network are equipped with the devices making it possible to do so. When problems occur, trained staff are critical to ensure quick restoration to the network. Informational slide. Global business performance depends upon the capabilities and qualities of networks & collaboration technologies. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Network Architecture Critical because it provides the infrastructure for collaborative work within the company and with external partners and customers, regardless location. Capability and willingness to collaborate depends on a corporate culture that people trust and that gives them the information, tools and authority to plan and make decisions. Decentralized organizations are often more responsive to opportunities and problems. Quality of the network and collaboration depend on how effectively network and collaboration capabilities are put to use. Informational slide. Network capabilities depend on proper planning, maintenance, management, upgrades & bandwidth to ensure it has sufficient capacity & connectivity to link people, locations & data. As a comparison, a highway system needs to be planned carefully to support peak traffic demands, monitored for compliance wit driving rules, cleaned & maintained regularly, & expanded when it no longer meets needs of those who rely on it. Trained staff are needed to restore network promptly or switch to a backup system to minimize disruption as appropriate. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Discovery Portals Commercial (public) portals Affinity portals Mobile portals Corporate portals Industrywide portals Use to set foundation with definitions. Portals are efficient, Web-based gateways to files. Portal is a Web-based, personalized gateway to information and knowledge that provides relevant information from different IT systems and the Internet using advanced search and indexing techniques. Commercial (public) portals offer content for diverse communities and are most popular portals on the Internet. Affinity portals support communities such as a hobby group or a political party. Mobile portals are accessible from mobile devices. Corporate portals offer a personalized single point of access through a Web browser Industrywide portals for entire industries. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Information Portals Web-based gateway to files, information, and knowledge on a network. Can include discussion boards, document sharing, and workspaces. Users can upload presentations or documentation to share. Corporate, commercial, publishing, and vertical portals are a few of the several types of portals. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 4.4 United Rentals’ extranet portal. Illustrates the familiar Internet-interface of an extranet, the use of usernames & passwords for access control & authentication, & self-help features. For demo of an extranet, visit ur.com/files/course/urdata/glimpse/. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4.3 Wireless, Enterprise Mobility and IP Telephony Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Wireless, Enterprise Mobility & IP Telephonby Mobile multimedia technologies make it possible for business to reinvent the traditional workplace to a virtual one as the business needs change. Better decisions may be possible due to real-time delivery of wireless communications. Discuss pros and cons of telecommuting. May be very productive. May be isolating. May be cost effective because there are fewer facilities resources. May be more difficult to supervise & manage resources. May be opportunities for home-bound employees. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Voice Communication Two examples of Internet telephony (VoIP) Internet telephony (VoIP) voice-over IP digitizes your analog voice signals, sections them into packets, and sends them over the Internet. This slide shows two examples of Voice over IP companies. Clicking on the logos will take you to the respective homepages. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

VOIP Enhances Supply Chain Management Click image to view demo for real business application. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4.4 Discovery, Search, and Customized Delivery Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Discovery Discovery allows users to browse and search data sources, in all topic areas, on the Web. Search engines Metasearch engines Discovery of material in foreign languages Search engines are computer programs that search for specific information by key words and report the results. Metasearch engines search several engines at once and integrate the findings of the various search engines to answer queries posted by users. Discuss importance to employee productivity when search engine usage is managed effectively. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Four Largest Search Engines Google Yahoo Microsoft Network Ask These 4 search engines handle over 90 percent of all searches. Which ones do students most often use? Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Metasearch Engines Surf-Wax Metacrawler Mamma Click on the logos to go to the respective web sites as additional examples from previous slides. Do you know of others? Kartoo & Dogpile. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Publication of Material in Foreign Languages Translation products include: Altavista Google Trados Click on the logos to go to the respective web sites. The use of language conversion sites are critical with today’s global business environment. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. What’s in a Wiki? Click Wiki to find out! And don’t forget Wikis in plain English for even more! A wiki: a server software that allows users to freely create & edit Web page content. Wikis support hyperlinks & have simple text syntax for creating new pages & crosslinks between internal pages. Discuss implications to business. Wikis are productivity enhancers due to simplicity & universality of use & application. Ask students to share their involvement with wikis in discussion. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4.5 Collaboration and Web-based Meetings Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Collaboration Collaboration refers to efforts of two or more entities (individuals, teams, groups or organizations) who work together to accomplish certain tasks. Work group Virtual group (team) Driving the need for collaboration – people need to work together & to share documents. Work group refers specifically to two or more individuals who act together to perform some task. Workgroups are very common in business within which most important decisions are actually made. Virtual group (team) is when group members are in different locations. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Collaboration….contd. Virtual collaboration Workflow technologies Groupware Teleconferencing Videoconference Web conferencing Real-time collaboration tools Virtual collaboration is the use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage and research products, services and innovative applications. Workflow technologies facilitate the movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization’s work procedures. Includes workflow management and workflow systems. Groupware refers to software products that support groups of people who share a common task or goal and who collaborate to accomplish it. Teleconferencing is the use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to hold a simultaneous conference. Videoconference is when participants in one location can see participants at other locations and share data, voice, pictures, graphics and animation by electronic means. Web conferencing is videoconferencing conducted over the Internet. Real-time collaboration tools support synchronous communication of graphical and text-based information i.e. computer-based whiteboards. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Workflow and Groupware Technologies A pictorial example of workflow within groups (wherever they may be physically located) utilizing groupware technologies. Students may provide examples from their own experiences. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Telepresence Systems The latest version of videoconferencing, telepresence systems, enable participants to seamlessly share data, voice, images, graphics, video, and animation electronically. Telepresence systems allow collaboration, face-to-face, at a reduced cost for travel, time involved, facilities, etc. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Leading Telepresence Systems Cisco Telepresence 3000 Example of effective & successful telepresence systems provider. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4.7 Managerial Issues Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Managerial Issues Organizational impacts – primary benefit of technologies is keeping workers connected at lower costs. Mobile & collaborative technologies need to be in place to ensure productivity. Future of technology support – emphasis on connectivity, communication & collaboration. Extending organizational boundaries – extranets connect suppliers & customers. Virtual work & teams – newly defined workplace. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Managerial Issues – cont’d Single view of truth – silos will ultimately go away. Integration & sharing data will be key. Social & ethical issues – tools meant to improve productivity will infringe on personal life. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Minicase : Wikis, Blogs, and Chats Support Collaboration at DrKW Wikis used in business continue to grow. DrKW is the subject of the Minicase at the end of this chapter. If you click on the board room picture, it will take you to the case article. What are some cost-savings of Web-based meetings & collaboration? Opportunity for discussion with the Problem Solving Activity in calculating cost-savings of Web-based meetings and collaboration. What is a wiki? Wikis: A wiki is a web site on which anyone can post material and make changes to other material. Click wikis to the BusinessWeek article, Wild About Wikis. What is wikipedia? How might it be useful to business? Wikipedia link takes you to the homepage; it is updated with information from participants. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the Information herein. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.