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Presentation transcript:

Óværð, uppköst / vanþrif

Svefn Aldur Svefnþörf Nýfædd 0 – 3 mán 16 – 19 klst Ungabörn 3 – 12 mán 14 – 15 klst Smábörn 1 – 3 ára 12 – 14 klst Leikskólabörn 3 – 5 ára 11 - 13 klst Grunnskóli 6 – 12 ára 10 – 11 klst Unglingar 13 – 18 ára 8.9 – 9.5 klst

Kolik ungbarna Aldur: Yngri en 4 mánaða, frískt barn. Skilgreining: Grætur minnst 3 klst. á dag, 3 daga vikunnar, oft seinnipartinn. Byrjar oft við 2 vikna aldur og hámark einkenna við 6 vikna aldur. Mismunagreiningar: GERD og mjólkurofnæmi.

Kolik ungbarna Algengi: 10-25% ungbarna Einkenni: Kviðverkur, Grætur stanslaust, gleypir loft, róast við að sjúga. Orskair: Óljós, sálræn, ofnæmi, viðkvæmni í meltingarvegi.

Kolik ungbarna Ofnæmi: mjólk/móðurmjólk um 25% tilfella sérlega ef ættarsaga um ofnæmi. Meðferð: Dicyklovirinklorid; Muskarin reseptorantagonisti (M1-M5). Skammtur; Háður aldri 1,5 - 2.5 ml (1,5 - 2.5mg) x 3, 15 mín fyrir máltíð. Aukaverkarnir; apnea, dyspnoa, cyanosa, vöðvakrampar, uppköst.

Nutramigen/Pepticate í 5 daga Þolpróf Á brjósti Á þurrmjólk Engin kúmjólk í 5 daga Nutramigen/Pepticate í 5 daga Óbreitt Árangur Óbreitt Árangur Fæðuval Þolpróf mjólk Dicyklovirin? Þolpróf mjólk Dicyklovirin? Jákv Neik Jákv Neik Nutramigen til 3-4 mán Engin mjólk Mjólk Mjólk

GERD (bakflæðisjúkdómur) Ef reflux veldur einkennum þá er talað um GERD. >50% 4 mán barna eru með GER Við 18 mánaða aldur er GER yfirleitt hætt Áhættuhópar fyrir GERD: Börn fædd fyrir tímann Börn með taugsjúkdóma Börn með astma eða lungnasjúkdóma Börn með eosuphagal atresiu

Einkenni GERD Frá vélinda: Ógleði, súrt magainnihald, uppköst. Annars staðar frá: Þyngist hægt, tapar vikt, mikil óværð, léleg matarlyst, apnoa, astmi osfrv. Sandifers syndrom; Barnið reygir sig afturábak, virðist fá krampa og jafnvel tortikollis. Sjá; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JU2XK0-8Ap0

GERD (greining) Börn í áhættuhóp (Gastroskopia, pH mæling?) Vegna einkenna Óvænt einkenni við aðrar rannsóknir; roði á larynx, tannskemmdir, bólga í vélinda.

Sjúkratilfelli Tveggja mánaða drengur. Kemur með foreldrum. Tilvísun vegna gruns um fæðuofnæmi. Saga; Eðlileg meðganga og fæðing, þrífst vel ælir ekki. Er hættur á brjósti, nú á Sojamjólk. Einkenni: Grætur mikið, óvær og pirraður. Drekkur aldrei meira en 80 ml/mál. Skoðun; Eðlileg

Sjúkratilfelli Álit: GERD, fæðuofnæmi? Úrlausn; Gert RAST og PIKK húðpróf fyrir fæðu. Allt eðlilegt. Ákveðið að prófa Losec (omeprazol) 5 mg x 1. Endurmat 14 dögum síðar: Tekið lyfið, vær og góður, drekkur soja 120 ml/mál. Framhald??

Prevalence of Food Allergy Self- reported (milk, egg, peanut, fish, shellfish) Children 12% Adults 13 % Symptoms + SPT or S-IgE overall milk egg peanut fish shellfish 3% 0.6% 0.9% 0.75% 0.2 0.6 Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, Gislason D, Zuidmeer L, Sodergren E, et al. The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 Sep; 120(3):638-46.

Food protein induced gastrointestinal diseases FPIES; Food protein induced Enterocolitis syndrome (entire gastrointestinal tract) Food protein induced Enterpopathy (small bowels) Food protein induced Proctitis/proctocolitis (rectum and colon) SK, 24thMay

Icke-IgE-medierad födoämnesallegi Sam Mehr et.al. Food Protein-Induced enterocolitis Syndrome: 16-Year Experience. Pediatrics 2009;123;e459-465

FPIES; Natural History Mean age at first presentation 5.5 months Cumulative incidence 0.34% by 1 year of age 30- 60% have atopic disease Tolerance by 3 years of age Rechallenge every 12-18 months SK, 24thMay

Time from ingestion of food and onset of FPIES about 2 hours FPIES; Symptoms Time from ingestion of food and onset of FPIES about 2 hours Acute Chronic Vomiting Vomiting Pallor Lethargy Dehydration Weight loss Diarrhea Lethargy Bloody diarrhea Bloody diarrhea Abdominal distension Abdominal distension SK, 24thMay

Diagnosis of FPIES History is most important Oral Food Challenge symptoms in 1-4 hours Avoid Challenge if history about severe reactions. Then do challenge at Hospital Lab tests can show elevated white blood cells and thrombocytosis (in sever reactions) Endoscopy can show infiltrates of eosionphils and neutrophils SK, 24thMay

Food Protein Induced proctitis/proctocolitis Age at presentation 2-8 weeks Often breastfed Inflammation in Rectum and Sigmoideum Blood tinged stools Symptoms disappear Within 3 days (up to two weeks) Milk 65%, Egg 19%, Corn 6%, Soy 3% 12% may need amino acid-based formula SK, 24thMay

Management Breastfed infants: Mother eliminates suspected food from diet Most infants respond to maternal elimination of cows milk It can take up to two weeks for rectal bleeding to disappear If failing to respond, soy and eggs should be avoided SK, 24thMay

Management Cows milk replaced with protein hydrolyzed formula not Soya Formula supplement or fed infants Cows milk replaced with protein hydrolyzed formula not Soya Infants who continue to bleed should get amio acid based formula. SK, 24thMay