The Energy wealth in the Sahel G5’s space: Blessing or Curse? Introduction: G5 Sahel: Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad Poor countries; Very rich subsoil: oil, uranium, phosphate; natural gas… Desert (safe haven to terrorist groups) Few benefit from their own richness Thesis: As long as multinational companies dominate the energy sector in the Sahel, governments and local communities will have only a marginal income from their subsoil’s richness. That situation creates and maintains social protests in addition to the corruption and insecurity generated by terrorist groups. Outline: The Richness of the Sub-sol (Energy’s sources) The Internal Challenges (no technology, no Human resources, populations protesting for more revenues) The External Challenges (Contacts with Multinationals, Prices on International Market) Security and Environmental Challenges (Proliferating of Terrorist and other Criminal Organizations, rising exploitation’s cost, Environmental Risks)

Richness: Oil, Natural Gas and others Minerals

Richness: Oil, Natural Gas, Uranium, Iron, and others Minerals

Extracted and Exported towards Europe (Raw state): lack of processing technology and qualified human resources.

Terrorist and Criminal Organizations Proliferating People protesting against Political Leaders and Foreign Companies France: 30% of Bulbs turns on with Niger’s Uranium Niger: 90% population no access to electricity