Revolution Fever Spreads to Latin America
European Empires: 1660s
16c-18c: New Ideas Brewing in Europe
Causes of Latin American Revolutions Enlightenment Ideas writings of John Locke, Voltaire, & Jean Rousseau; Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine. Colonization by Spain & France & Portugal brutal treatment of indigenous population & African slaves Inspiration of American and French Revolutions
Enlightenment Ideas Laws of nature [NATURAL LAWS] govern natural science and human society. Give people rights life, liberty, property! Make fair societies based on reason possible. Challenged the theory of “Divine Right” monarchy.
2. Creole Discontent
3. Inspiration of American & French Revolutions Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen, 1789 Declaration of Independence, 1776
Provides a model & a diversion! Napoleon on the March Provides a model & a diversion!
Latin American Revolutions!
Toussaint L’Ouveture Leads a Revolution in Haiti (1804)
French colony of Haiti was the first Latin American territory to gain independence from the mother country Toussaint L’Ouverture a former slave that led an organized, successful slave revolt Defeated armies of Spain, France, and Britain during rebellion
Social class hierarchy of Spanish colonies Top: - Peninsulares (men born in Spain) - Creoles (Spaniards born in colonies) at the top Bottom -Natives & slaves at the bottom – oppressed & brutalized Some Creoles were wealthy & educated traveled, learned & spread Enlightenments ideals – brought revolution to Latin America
Simón Bolivar: The “Brains”of the Revolution Video 1808 – Napoleon conquered Spain & removed king people questioned Spain’s authority overseas rebellions began Simon Bolivar was a Venezuelan Creole leads independence movement for northern areas of Latin America
Jose de San Martin 1816 - San Martin brings independence to Argentina 1817 – San Martin brings independence to Chile
Miguel Hidalgo In 1810 Miguel Hidalgo – a priest in Mexico spread Enlightenment ideas & encourages revolution for independence, but many leaders and years are required until official independence in 1821
Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe issues the Monroe Doctrine: attempts by European countries to influence in L.American will be considered a threat to U.S. independence and safety U.S. to Europe: stay out of L. America OR ELSE!