Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages (September 2012)

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Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 253-260 (September 2012) Cardiac autonomic nerve abnormalities in chronic heart failure are associated with presynaptic vagal nerve degeneration Shamarendra N. Sanyal, Tomoyuki Wada, Motoko Yamabe, Hirofumi Anai, Shinji Miyamoto, Tatsuo Shimada, Katsushige Ono Pathophysiology Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 253-260 (September 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.07.004 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Electrocardiogram (ECG), and power spectrograms in a control Wistar rat and an MCT-treated rat (heart failure) on day 35 after injection. (A) A representative ECG record for 2s in a control rat (left) and in an MCT-treated rat (right). (B) Trendgram of RR intervals for 30s obtained from a control (left) and an MCT-treated rat (right). (C) Power spectra of heart rate (RR interval) fluctuations deduced from the trendgrams in (B). Pathophysiology 2012 19, 253-260DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.07.004) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Daily recordings of heart rate (HR) obtained before and after MCT injection (A). Also, histograms of averaged heart rate (HR) during control period and post-MCT injection period for every 14 days (B), obtained from (A). The daily analyses of total power (C), HF power (E), and L/H power ratio (G). Histograms of the 14-day averages (D), (F), and (H) were derived from (C), (E), and (G), respectively. Arrows indicate the day of MCT injection. #p<0.001 compared with control rats (n=8). Pathophysiology 2012 19, 253-260DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.07.004) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Electron microscopic appearance of sympathetic (A, C, E) and parasympathetic nerve endings (B, D, F) close to the SA nodal cells. Panels A and B were from a control rat; C and D and E and F were from MCT-treated rats at weeks 5 and 7, respectively. a: adrenergic nerve endings containing cored vesicles. c: cholinergic nerve endings containing clear vesicles. Pathophysiology 2012 19, 253-260DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.07.004) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions