Pre-Activity: 1. Recap? 2. Research Says?

Weaknesses and kinds of quantitative research CS_RS12-Ia-c-1 Learning Competencies Code describes strengths, Weaknesses and kinds of quantitative research CS_RS12-Ia-c-1

Activity (15 mins) Short video about Quantitative Research https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2X-QSU6-hPU Guide Questions: 1. What is the difference between Quanti and Quali research? 2. What are the factors to consider in doing Quantitative Research?

Factors to consider Field of study Nature of study Purpose of the study Population of the study Tools readily available Method and design Instrument Amount of human interaction or characteristics to be studied Desired implications and results

Quantitative Positivist thought – can be verified by observation and experimentation Distribution of variables that can be generalized to entire population Less interaction between researcher and subjects – more objectivity

Disadvantages Individuals’ decisions not evaluated based on their culture or social interactions Decisions made without regard to individual human thought or choice to predict behavior All individuals are measured same way Experiences Backgrounds Intelligence Ability to change decisions at any given point in time Independent though

Criticism Inefficient for formulating higher education planning, policy and decision making Unable to create procedures based on results Groups individuals as unemotional subjects (Keller, 1998) Social influences of individuals needed Limitations on generalizability Particular point in time; no account for change of mind

Disadvantages Should only be used if data can be measured by numbers, results quantified Instrument or method chosen is subjective and research is dependent upon tool chosen Lack of independent thought by researcher when dependent on instrument or mathematics used to extract or evaluate data

Advantages Observations are used throughout studies Formulating hypotheses allows for speculation about outcomes; applicable instrument Safeguards used to minimize or eliminate bias

Advantages Predicts correlation between objects Systematic data collection and analysis Generalizable to other institutions for further research Recognized criteria for assessment and validity More research conducted by this method

How do you measure what’s best? Need a standard of measurement to determine quantitative analysis Guidelines are needed to recognize validity of results Barriers of many different approaches and types of quantittaive research methods Two methods can provide complementary results Lay groundwork for quantitative studies Provides accurate data collection and analysis and utilization

  TYPES OF RESEARCH A. ACCORDING TO OBJECTIVES: 1. PURE VS. APPLIED RESEARCH 2. EXPLORATORY VS. EXPLANATORY 3. QUANTITATIVE VS. QUALITATIVE

ACCORDING TO METHODS:   1. HISTORICAL METHOD – investigation of the past. 2. DESCRIPTIVE METHOD - fact-finding research 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH - revealing occurrence under condition.

Major Types of Research Pure or Theoretical Applied or Practical Action Research

Categories of Research based on Venue Library/ICT research Field research Laboratory research

Approaches in Research 1. Qualitative Research investigator views the phenomena to be investigated as more personal. Qualitative research uses methods such as personal accounts, unstructured interviews and participant observation to gain an understanding of the underlying reasons and motivations for peoples’ attitudes preferences or behaviors. Generating hypotheses from the data collection rather than testing a hypothesis is the emphasis of qualitative research.  2. Quantitative Research usually starts with a theory or a general statement proposing a general relationship between variables. This is typically concentrates on measuring or counting and involves collecting and analyzing numerical data and applying statistical tests.  

Qualitative vs Quantitative

Assessment: Identify & Classify the following research studies based on : A. Objectives (PURE VS. APPLIED RESEARCH; EXPLORATORY VS. EXPLANATORY B. Methods: HISTORICAL; DESCRIPTIVE METHOD; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH; C. Venue: Library; Field; and Laboratory D. Approach: Quantitative or Qualitative

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Assignment: Research on the type of Quantitative Research, its scope and meaning and give example each.