Atomic Structure.

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure Elements the “stuff” of which all things are made C, H, O and N most common in living things 90% of all atoms on Earth are H

Atomic Structure Element = a distinct type of atom Hydrogen (H) Gold (Au)

Atomic Structure An atom is made up of 3 particles: Protons (p+) Neutrons (n0) Electrons (e-)

Protons (p+) Charge - Positive Location - nucleus Mass – 1 atomic mass unit (amu)

Atomic Number = # of protons an element has Atomic Number 2 He 4.003

Atomic Number e.x. the atomic number of Hydrogen is 1 because it has 1 proton

Atomic Number What is the atomic number of Lithium? 3 How many protons does it have? What is the atomic number of carbon? 6

Charge -none (Neutron – Neutral) Location - nucleus Neutrons (n0) Charge -none (Neutron – Neutral) Location - nucleus Mass – 1 atomic mass unit (amu) Neutrons

Neutrons Isotope = an atom of a certain element that has a different # of neutrons than other atoms of that element e.g. Most C atoms have 6 neutrons (C12) but some have 8 (C14)

Isotopes For what is Carbon 14 used? carbon dating (radiometric dating)

Atomic Nucleus The nucleus contains most of the atomic mass protons + neutrons = Atomic mass

Review 1. What does F stand for? Fluorine 2. What is its atomic number ? 9 3. How many protons does it have? 4. How many electrons does it have?

Review 5. What is Fluorine's atomic mass? 19 6. How many neutrons does it have? 10 atomic mass - protons = neutrons 19 – 9 = 10 neutrons

Electrons (e-) Charge - Negative Location – in orbit in electron shell or cloud around the nucleus Mass – negligible (too small to count!) (9.1 X 10 -31 kg) # electrons = # of protons (for now)

Electrons Valence electrons- electrons in outermost shell of atom Determine the properties of an element e.g. taste, texture, appearance, color Determine how an element reacts chemically

Models of the Atom Studies done by Chemists for years has lead to different models of the atom Earnest Rutherford Gold foil experiment-discovered nucleus Neils Bohr Schrodinger and Heisenburg Probability Cloud Louis de Broglie –moving matter possesses a wavelength

Gold Foil Experiment

Models of the Atom Bohr model (planetary model) -Neils Bohr in 1911 Electrons orbit the nucleus with different energies (on a path, like planets orbit the sun)