Colonial American Development Unit 1C AP U.S. History
Think About It Compare and contrast the colonial development of Massachusetts and Virginia.
England Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) Population increases Joint-stock companies develop Religious conflicts divide the nation Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions
English Colonies Charters Corporate Colony Proprietary Colony Granted a charter to stockholders Ex. Virginia Proprietary Colony Granted a charter to individual or group Ex. Maryland, Pennsylvania Royal Colony Under direct control of the monarch Ex. New Hampshire Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal colonies, including Virginia and Massachusetts First page of the Carolina charter, authorized by Charles II, 1663
The First English Attempts Sir Walter Raleigh (1585) Roanoke (1587)
Jamestown Virginia Company of London Established in 1607 on mouth of Chesapeake Bay John Smith “he that will not work shall not eat” ”Starving Time” (1609-1610) Powhatan John Rolfe Tobacco seeds to plantations
Who is this?
Oh yeah…Pocahontas
Disney’s John Smith
Hollywood’s John Smith
This is John Smith.
Pilgrims Separatists to Holland then head for Virginia Mayflower takes Separatists and others to Jamestown but weather complicates matters Settlers decide to remain and establish Plymouth (1620)
The Mayflower (II)
Look, a big rock.
Wampanoag Dwelling
Plymouth Colony
Thirteen Colonies
New England Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans (1630) Rhode Island John Winthrop “city upon a hill” Rhode Island Providence (1636) Roger Williams Portsmouth (1638) Anne Hutchinson Connecticut Hartford (1637) Thomas Hooker New Haven (1638) New Hampshire (1679)
New England and Religion Puritanical lifestyle in Massachusetts Religious toleration and dissent Rhode Island Roger Williams and “wall of separation” Anne Hutchinson and Antinomianism Halfway Covenant (1662) Attempt to increase members Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693) 185 accused 141 women; 44 men 19 executed 14 women; 5 men
New England Politics Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) First written constitution in America Relations with Natives New England Confederation (1643-1684) Defense alliance among Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven King Philip’s (Metacom) War (1675-1676) New England Confederation defeats Wampanoag alliance
Historiography ”The Puritans: Orthodoxy or Diversity?” Perry Miller and Thomas H. Johnson – The Puritans (1938) David D. Hall – Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment (1989) Thus Puritanism appears, from the social and economic point of view, to have been a philosophy of social stratification, placing the command in the hands of the properly qualified and demanding implicit obedience from the uneducated; from the religious point of view it was the dogged assertion of the unity of intellect and spirit in the face of a rising tide of democratic sentiment suspicious of the intellect and intoxicated with the spirit. It was autocratic, hierarchical, and authoritarian… that in the social realm holy writ were to be the mentors of farmers and merchants. Let me return to the crucial question of the clergy and their role in shaping popular religion... they had too much in common with the people, and too prominent a part to play in teaching certain structures of belief... I refuse to represent the clergy as so dominating in the churches that their way of thinking always prevailed...the power of the clergy was too mediated to make them really dominant, and "domination" is a word that simply doesn't fit in the pluralistic structure of New England towns and churches.
Middle Colonies Development Economics New York New Jersey (1702) New Amsterdam transferred to Duke of York in 1664 New Jersey (1702) Pennsylvania settled by Quakers Delaware (1702) Economics Develop wheat and corn farms “Bread basket” of the colonies Eventually into manufacturing and trade
Pennsylvania William Penn (1681) Religious Society of Friends aka Quakers Holy Experiment Religious refuge Liberal political ideals Economic success Frame of Government and Charter of Liberties
Southern Colonies Maryland (1634) Virginia (1607) Carolinas (1663) Lord Baltimore Act of Toleration (1649) Virginia (1607) Carolinas (1663) North Carolina (1729) Tobacco South Carolina (1729) Rice and indigo Georgia (1732) James Oglethorpe
Virginia Jamestown (1607) House of Burgesses in 1619 First legislative assembly in the colonies Becomes royal colony in 1624 Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Inequities between large landowners and western farmers Nathanial Bacon vs. William Berkeley Headright System 50 acres to each paying immigrant or plantation owner who paid for immigrant "Here shoot me before God, fair mark shoot.” Governor William Berkeley in response to Nathanial Bacon’s threat for demands.
Georgia James Oglethorpe establishes in 1732 Social experiment Defensive buffer to Spanish Florida Debtors colony