A History of American Human Resources Management Chapter Two A History of American Human Resources Management

Learning Objectives Identify the major movements affecting the development of human resources management Identify the personnel specialists who were the forerunners of the modern human resources department In general terms, describe the contributions of systems theory, socio-technical systems design, and the behavioral sciences to contemporary human resources management

Scientific Management Movement 1800s and early 1900s Frederick W. Taylor Scientific Job design: involved simplifying tasks and increasing job by analyzing workers motions, materials and equipment Scientific selection: involved choosing workers with the right skills for carrying out organized jobs. Scientific training and development: meant training workers for particular taskes instead of letting workers choose their own work method… Frank & Lillian Gilbreth Time-and-Motion Study: to increase efficienty in industry

Industrial Welfare Movement Around the turn of the century, many firms began to improve working conditions and attend to the well being of workers on and off the Job.Voluntary improvement of employment conditions Social or welfare secretaries were employed with finances, housing, health, recreation, education and so on

Early Industrial Psychology Hugo Münsterburg He was interesting in analyzing jobs in terms of their physical mental and emotional requirements. He developed several testing devices for selecting workers for particular tasks.

The Human Relations Movement It’s focused on group behavior and worker’s feelings as they related to productivity and on morale. This movement grew out of the work of researchers at an industrial plant in Chicago: their studies became known as the Hawthorne Studies: effect of human interaction on morale and motivation; productivity is partly dependent on employee cooperation and participation in decision making.The Organization as a Social System in which productivity in relation to team-building

The Labor Movement Worker protection against abuses of the Industrial Revolution Collective bargaining Protests and strikes

The Growth of Unions 1869 - Knights of Labor - National Labor Organization 1886 - American Federation of Labor (AFL) 1995 - AFL merged with Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) to form AFL-CIO leads labor movement today

Development of HRM as a Profession Around the turn of the century some companies began hiring Specialists to assist with such matters as employment, safety, training, health: employment agents, labor department specialists, wage clerks, pension administrators, training specialists, safety specialists

Development of HRM as a Profession (cont’d) Systems Theory Helps HR managers understand how a change in one component of org can have repercussions throughout firm Socio-technical Systems Design Focuses on design of organizations and jobs toward improving the relationship between technical and social systems Goal is to increase productivity, quality and employee motivation and satisfaction

Development of HRM as a Profession (cont’d) The Behavioral Sciences Industrial-organizational psychology studies dynamics of leadership, group behavior, and motivation Professional Associations, College and University Curricula, and Publications Globalization of Management Practice As work moves between countries with different mores and laws, new problems created

Key Terms Scientific management movement Time-and-motion study Industrial welfare movement Social, or welfare, secretary Industrial psychology Human relations movement Labor unions Collective bargaining Protests Strikes Knights of Labor American Federation of Labor AFL-CIO

Key Terms (cont’d) Behavioral sciences Industrial-organizational psychology Globalization