Volume 146, Issue 3, Pages 726-735 (March 2014) Increased De Novo Lipogenesis Is a Distinct Characteristic of Individuals With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease  Jennifer E. Lambert, Maria A. Ramos–Roman, Jeffrey D. Browning, Elizabeth J. Parks  Gastroenterology  Volume 146, Issue 3, Pages 726-735 (March 2014) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049 Copyright © 2014 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Dynamics of plasma glucose, insulin, and FAs. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. The 18-hour study period was divided into 3 segments for analysis: 6:00 pm to 12:00 am (after the evening meal), 12:00 am to 6:00 am (at night), and 6:00 am to 12:00 pm (during the extended fast). (A) Glucose and (B) insulin concentrations were not different between the groups during any of the segments. (C) Postprandial changes in total plasma FFA concentrations (total; circles), those derived from adipose lipolysis (adipose; squares), or from evening meal spillover (evening meal; triangles) in subjects with HighLF (closed symbols) and LowLF (open symbols). P values represent significant differences between the HighLF and LowLF groups for the FFA sources within the designated time period (determined by repeated-measures analysis of variance). Gastroenterology 2014 146, 726-735DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049) Copyright © 2014 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Proportion of FA sources becoming labeled in TRL-TG from 12:00 am to 12:00 pm in subjects with LowLF or HighLF. Data represent the proportions of FAs arising from the (A) evening meal, (B) plasma FFA pool, (C) de novo lipogenesis, and (D) proportion of total FA sources accounted for in TRL particles at the end of the experiment. Values reported on the right side of A to D represent the average of the last 2 measurements in the fasting state (eg, 10:30 am and 11:45 am). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups at individual time points (P < .05). Open circles, LowLF group; closed circles, HighLF group. Gastroenterology 2014 146, 726-735DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049) Copyright © 2014 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Absolute contributions of FA sources to fasting VLDL-TG in subjects with LowLF or HighLF and the relationships between liver fat and de novo lipogenesis. (A) The absolute concentrations of FAs arising from the evening meal, plasma FFA pool, de novo lipogenesis, and the amount remaining unlabeled in fasting VLDL-TG particles. Values represent the mean group data from each subject in which the last 2 measurements were in the fasting state (eg, 10:30 am and 11:45 am), and data from these 2 time points were averaged for that subject. Relationships between liver fat content and de novo lipogenesis are represented as (B) newly synthesized FA in VLDL-TG (mmol/L) and (C) as a fraction of VLDL-TG from lipogenesis (%). Open circles, LowLF group; closed circles, HighLF group. Gastroenterology 2014 146, 726-735DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049) Copyright © 2014 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions