Lincoln’s Speeches Second Inaugural Address page 279-280 Emancipation Proclamation (handout)

Second Inaugural Address Paragraph 1: Purpose/ Audience Expectations Line 7-8 “little that is new could be presented” in regards to the details of the war, therby letting his audience know that he will not give further details Line 11 – Says he will not venture a prediction about the war’s conclusion. Letting his audience know that perhaps contrary to their expectations, his purpose is NOT to give an update on the progress of the war.

Second Inaugural Address Paragraph 2: PREMISE Premise = general principle that most people will take as a given, or will agree with Lines 33-34: Those in the North and those in the South share the same basic values and desires, they have similar religious views

Second Inaugural Address Paragraph 3: Inferred PURPOSE Lincoln does not state his purpose directly, but it can be inferred from the call to action at the end of his speech. Call to action = Let’s finish the war and then work to put it behind us by caring for everyone, no matter what side they fought for. The purpose of the speech was to strengthen the resolve of the people to see the war through to its end and convince them to reconcile with the rebels.

Second Inaugural Address Claim  Lincoln wants a peaceful reconciliation of the war, regardless of what side you fought on.      Reasons No one wanted the war We all share similar values God’s will is to absolve slavery   Evidence 1. “the war came” (line 20) 2. “all dreaded it – all sought to aver it” (line 13-14) 3. “the judgements of the Lord are true and righteous altogether” (line 54-55) Premise  1. “all dreaded it – all sought to aver it” (line 13-14) No one wanted this war. 2. “both parties deprecated the war” (line 18) both sides disapproved of the war   3. “neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained” (line 29) no one expected it to last so long or cost so much

The Emancipation Proclamation Claim The Emancipation Proclamation is a necessary measure Reasons There are states and part of states that are in rebellion Rebel states are not represented in Congress. Lincoln is empowered as Commander-in-Chief to suppress the rebellion. Evidence “within any State or designated part of a State, the people wereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States” (line 6-8) “actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States” “necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion” (line 25-26) Premise Assumes that citizens want to see an end of the rebellion.

BR – 01.19.2017 1. Get copy of Collections book and take out notes on Lincoln. 2. Pick up handout in front of room. This will go in the MLA section of your notebook, so please update TOC. Date Assignment Page 1/19/2017 Elaborative Techniques 1

CW: 2 Elaborated Paragraphs Evaluating Lincoln’s speech Paragraph 1: Evaluate one strength of one of Lincoln’s speeches. So choose 1 speech, and 1 claim or, 1 reason, or 1 premise, or 1 piece of evidence that you think is strong and explain why you made this decision. We will write the first one together as a model. You will do the second one on your own. Paragraph 2: Evaluate one weakness of one of Lincoln’s speeches. So choose 1 speech, and 1 reason, or 1 premise, or 1 piece of evidence that you think is weak and explain why you made this decision.

Reminders for awesome elaborated paragraphs: Main idea = topic or subject + the point (claim) cited and well-incorporated evidence from the text interpretation or explanation of how the evidence supports the point internal and external transition as necessary wrap-up sentence

Strength example: In Lincoln’s “Second Inaugural Address” he supports his claim that we need a peaceful reconciling for everyone after the war, with the reason that no one wanted the war in the first place, this is his strongest piece of evidence. In his speech he claims that “all dreaded [the war] – all sought to aver it” (Lincoln 279) illustrating the strong dislike he believed all citizens to have. Now how to elaborate that point, without just restating the quote?

What is elaboration? Summary Paraphrasing Restating Repetition What it’s not: What it is: Summary Paraphrasing Restating Repetition Giving your own opinion/ adding your own thinking Evaluating or analyzing Providing new insights Expanding on the idea

Elaborative Technique Examples   Compare/contrast   Cause and/or Effect Consequence or Significance   Real world examples, facts  Definition (Denotation)/Connotation   Description, illustration  Logic, reasoning

Criteria for Evaluating Argument Validity of reasons Relevancy or sufficiency of evidence Credibility of sources

Expected Elaborative Technique for Argument Examples Evaluation: Pointing out strengths and limitations of the Validity of the reasoning Relevancy and sufficiency of the evidence Credibility of the source