Chapter 7 Section 3 Napoleon Forges an Empire Objective: Analyze Napoleon’s rise to power Vocabulary: Napoleon Bonaparte, Coup D’etat, Plebiscite, Lycee, Concordat, Napoleonic Code, & Battle of Trafalgar

Setting the Stage Napoleon Bonaparte is considered a short man at just five feet three inches tall However, he would cast a shadow over the history of modern times Napoleon Bonaparte is recognized as one of the world’s greatest military geniuses He rose from the position of an officer in the French army to become the leader of France Along with Alexander the Great, Hannibal of Carthage, & Julius Caesar of Rome How did most people come to power in Europe during this time period?

Napoleon Seizes Power Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica His parents sent him to a military school when he was 9 years old Napoleon joined the army of the new government when the Revolution broke out Napoleon became a hero by protecting the National Convention & was hailed as the savior of the French republic He lead the French army to a series of successes However, admiral Horatio Nelson defeated Napoleon’s advances in Egypt He used cannons to turn back the royalist trying to overthrow the National Assembly He was appointed the general fighting against Austria Napoleon was able to keep his loss against Nelson out of the newspapers Why is it important that Napoleon kept his lost in Egypt out of the newspapers?

Coup D’etat When Napoleon returned from Egypt, his friends urged him to seize political power In November 1799, troops under Napoleon’s control surrounded the national legislature Napoleon’s sudden seizure of power in France is called a coup d’etat Eventually, the major nations of Europe signed peace agreements with France Napoleon was free to focus his energy on restoring order in France France was still at war but he was able to sign peace agreements During the French Revolution & after the reign of terror why was it so easy for Napoleon to gain power?

Check for Understanding Napoleon came to power about 5 years after this Dictator was executed by the guillotine in France during the Reign of Terror. (Clue: His death, ended the Reign of Terror). Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Maximilien Robespierre Sentence Starter: Napoleon came to power after ______________.

Napoleon Rules France Napoleon pretended to be the constitutionally chosen leader of a free republic A plebiscite, or vote of the people, was held to approve a new constitution The people in France voted overwhelmingly in favor of giving all the power to Napoleon

Restoring Order at Home Napoleon supported laws that would strengthen the central government but also achieve some of the goals of the Revolution He established a national banking system Napoleon set up lycees (government- run public schools) Napoleon signed a concordat (agreement) with Pope Pius VII, which recognized the Church but rejected it’s control over national affairs The government recognized the influence of the Church but rejected Church control in national affairs

Check for Understanding This was Pope Pius the ….? Explain how you know!! Sentence Starter: This is Pope Pius the ____ because ___ stands for ____ & ___ stands for ___ if you add them all together that equals ___.

Napoleon Crowned as Emperor Napoleonic Code – comprehensive & uniform system of laws established for France In 1804, Napoleon decided to make himself emperor with the support of the people The pope crowned Napoleon as emperor He restricted Freedom of Speech & the Press

Check for Understanding Which other Emperor created their own code? Hint: We learned about him at the very beginning of the school year! A. Julius Caesar B. Justinian C. William Sentence starter: _______ also created a code of law.

Napoleon Creates an Empire Napoleon wanted to control the rest of Europe & to reassert French power in the Americas When the Revolution reached Saint Domingue (Haiti), they demanded the equality Enslaved Africans under the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture seized control of the colony Napoleon’s forces were devastated by disease Napoleon sold land (Louisiana Territory) to the United States for 15 million dollars Sold it to Thomas Jefferson

Conquering Europe After abandoning his ambitions in the New World, Napoleon turned his attention to Europe He annexed the Austrian Netherlands The British persuaded Russia, Austria, & Sweden to join them against France Napoleon met this challenge with his usual boldness & crushed his opposition Only Britain’s great navy was left undefeated

The Battle of Trafalgar Napoleon lost only one major battle, the Battle of Trafalgar Horatio Nelson was as brilliant in warfare at sea as Napoleon was in warfare on land Napoleon had to figure out another way to control their enemy, the British By 1812, Napoleon controlled most of Europe through alliances, puppet governments, & manipulation