Unit 4; Part 2 AP U.S. History Era of Good Feelings Unit 4; Part 2 AP U.S. History Credited to JB

A National Perception Fourth of July Celebration in Centre Square John Lewis Krimmel, 1819

Era of Good Feelings – POL James Monroe (D-R) (1817-1825)

Era of Good Feelings – POL The Marshall Court McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Bank of the United States constitutional under “necessary and proper” States could not tax the Bank - Supremacy Clause Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Increased federal government’s interstate commerce authority Chief Justice John Marshall

Era of Good Feelings – POL The Great Triumvirate WEST Henry Clay of Kentucky NORTH Daniel Webster of Massachusetts SOUTH John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

Era of Good Feelings – POL Missouri Compromise (1820) Proposed by Henry Clay Missouri admitted as slave state Maine admitted as free state Establish Latitude 36 30’ Line North of the line is free South of the line is slave “Missouri question aroused and filled me with alarm…I have been among the most sanguine in believing that our Union would be of long duration. I now doubt it much.” - Thomas Jefferson, April 13, 1820

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

Era of Good Feelings – WOR Monroe Doctrine (1823) U.S. and Great Britain concerned about European expansion into Americas John Q. Adams authored Points Americas no longer to subject to European colonization Europe must not interfere with sovereignty of independent nations in Americas

America’s Market Revolution Subsistence farming to market specialization Free enterprise system Capital investment and state charters Development of state and national infrastructure and networks

America’s Market Economy – WXT Cumberland Road

America’s Market Economy – WXT Erie Canal

America’s Market Economy – WXT The Clermont

America’s Market Economy – WXT Railroad Faster and durable form of transportation Introduced in late 1820s Only small lines between major regional cities

America’s Market Economy – WXT Telegraph Samuel Morse in 1844 Information becomes widespread Efficient control and administration of politics, business, transportation, markets

America’s Market Economy – WXT

America’s Market Economy - WXT

America’s Market Economy – WXT Innovations Steam engine Spinning jenny Interchangeable parts Cotton gin

America’s Market Economy: Agriculture and Cotton Evolution of Cotton Technological Advancements Eli Whitney’s cotton gin Improved transportation King Cotton Impact of Improved Agriculture Regional specialization Increased drive for western expansion Increased demand for slavery

America’s Market Economy: Industry and the Factory System Evolution of Textiles Putting-out system Technological advancements Samuel Slater Lowell System Vertically integrated system Boardinghouses Recruitment of young women Impact of Industrialization Increased output Opportunities for unskilled labor Weakened artisans Increased urbanization Increased American competitiveness

America’s Market Economy - WXT The American System Henry Clay’s Plan Protective tariffs Develop domestic industries Source of federal revenue including infrastructure projects Tariff of 1816 Rate of 20-25% National bank Facilitate commerce and credit systems Second Bank of the United States (BUS) (1816) Infrastructure National roads, canals, internal improvements Improved transportation connected and expanded markets

America’s Market Economy – WXT Panic of 1819 Causes Western land speculation War inflation then post-war deflation BUS pursued contractionary monetary policy Aftermath First recession of market economy Northern manufacturers demanded high tariffs Southern farmers demanded low tariffs Westerners criticized speculators and bankers

United States c. 1824