Wednesday 2/1/17 Agenda: Adaptation Notes HW: Missing Work / Corrections Warm-up: What do you think the terms “warm-blooded” and “cold-blooded” mean. In what type of climate do most “cold-blooded” animals live.

Animal Adaptations

Animal Adaptations An adaptation is a trait that enables an organism to survive and reproduce in their environment. Adaptations do not develop during an animal's lifetime, but over many generations.

Animal Adaptations These adaptations may be physical Or behavioral (The shape of the mouth, the body color and shape, the type of fur, the shape of the nose or ears), Or behavioral (ways of reacting to the environment)

Animal Adaptations Animals depend on their physical and behavioral traits to help them obtain food, keep safe, build homes, and attract mates.

Adaptations for Predators

Adaptations for Movement

Adaptations for Avoidance

Surviving in Different Environments Organisms have adapted over time to survive in all the climates of the world. These adaptations have allowed them to live in the most extreme of conditions

Tundra Survival

Hydrothermal Vents -Temp = 648oF

Adaptation and Environmental Change If an organism’s environment changes, its inherited traits determine if it will be able to survive. The broader an animals food web, the more likely it will survive if one food source disappears.

Change to the Environment The giant panda’s diet is almost all bamboo plants Because its food web is so narrow deforestation, has greatly reduced their population

Crocodiles on the other hand will eat just about anything, and have survived for over 2 million years

Reproductive Adaptations Some organisms have adapted over time to help ensure their reproductive success Some adaptations help attract mates Some help keep offspring alive

Ways to Attract a Mate Male peacocks have brightly colored plumage (feathers) to attract mates

Different Ways to Raise the Young Some species care for their young until they can care for themselves, helping to ensure survival of the species

Different Ways to Raise the Young Other species have large numbers of offspring at one time, hoping a few will survive

Other Interesting Adaptations

Fact is Stranger Than Fiction

Animal Behavior – An Important Adaptation Most animal behaviors are characteristics that help an animal survive or reproduce. Their behaviors are triggered by both internal and external stimuli.

Competition and Aggression Competition occurs for resources and mates. Aggression between members of the same species rarely results in death.

Establishing a Territory A territory allows the animals to hunt without competition and to safely raise their young

Living in Groups Living in a group helps animals survive by protecting one another, and working together to find food.

Animal Societies A group of animals of the same species that work together for the good of the whole Animals’ social behavior is instinctive and each animal is preprogrammed to perform a specific function.

Behavior Cycles Some animal behaviors occur in a regular pattern Circadian rhythms are a daily cycle Hibernation is a seasonal cycle

What to do in the winter in Maine. Enjoy Bob 2009

The State of Maine 's Dept The State of Maine 's Dept. of Wildlife administers  health treatment to adult and baby bears in hibernation (dental check-ups, etc).?   Wait 'till you see these photos, documenting the work they did to do a health check on a mother bear while watching over her cubs while the mother was having dental treatment..  The sleepy heads were then replaced in the den by the  rangers. 

Now back to work.

Migration Periodic journey from one place to another and then back Usually occurs to an area that provides food or a good location to reproduce Animals use smell, sight, taste, and some use a magnetic sense to determine where to go

Migration Bird migration is common. The longest known migration of a bird is that of the Arctic Tern, which migrates from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back each year. Flyways are routes that certain bird species take to migrate.

Migration Whales and other animals, such as, butterflies, salmon, and eels are also known to migrate.

Caribou Migration

Caribou Migration

Salmon Migration

Salmon Migration

Monarch Butterfly Migration

The Tiger Swallow A Look Alike Adaptation for Protection

Another look alike Adaptation

The way an animal acts is either Instinctive Or Learned Animal Behaviors The way an animal acts is either Instinctive Or Learned

Instinctive Behavior Instinctive behavior is inborn, you do not have to learn it. Like all behaviors, it is a response to a stimulus

Learning Learning is the process that leads to changes in behavior Animals learn in three different ways

1. Conditioning Learning to connect some kind of stimulus with a good or bad event

2. Insight Learning Solving a problem or learning something new, by applying what you already know, without a period of trial and error An Ahhhhaa moment

3. Trial and Error Occurs when an animal, through repeated practice, learns to perform a behavior more and more skillfully.

Inter-species Behaviors - - Symbiotic Relationships - - Interactions among organisms of different species Classified based on whether they help or hurt one or both of the species involved

Commensalisms Relationship between two species that helps one, and does not affect the other Cattle egrets follow cattle to feed on the insects stirred up by the grazing.

Mutualism A relationship between two species where both benefit lichen is a fungus and an algae growing together. The fungus gets food from the algae and the algae gets a place to live. Pollinating plants and the organisms that pollinate them.

Mutualism

Parasitism When a smaller organism feeds on a larger, weakening or killing it This is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Mosquito or tick feeding off another organism Mistletoe feeds off host plant.