Bacteria

I. Bacteria A. Classifying Prokaryotes 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaebacteria

B. Eubacteria 1. Larger Kingdom 2. Live almost everywhere Freshwater Saltwater Land Human body Freshwater E coli

3. Cell wall Protects Gives shape Made of Peptidoglycan Carbohydrate

C. Archaebacteria 1. Look the same as Eubacteria under a microscope 2. No Peptidoglycan 3. DNA is more like eukaryotes than eubacteria 4. Ancestor of Eukaryotes

5. Three Types A. Methogens 1. O2 free environment 2. Thick mud 3. Cow intestines B. Thermophiles 1. Extreme heat 2. Hot springs C. Halophiles 1. Extreme Salts 2. Dead Sea 3. Great Salt Lake

D. Identifying Prokaryotes 1. Shape A. Bacilli (rod shaped) B. Cocci (Spherical) C. Spirilla (Cork-screw)

Gram positive Gram Negative 2. Cell Walls A. Gram Staining B. Uses 2 types of dye 1. Violet: primary stain 2. Red: counter stain C. Violet stain 1st (Pep walls) D. Wash W/ Alcohol 1. Gram Positive: Cell walls dyed dark violet (Thick walls) 2. Gram Negative: Cell walls Pinkish Red (Thinner Walls) Gram positive Gram Negative

3. Movement A. Flagella's B. Sit still C. Glide slowly 1. Whip-like 2. Propel B. Sit still C. Glide slowly

E. Importance 1. Decomposer 2. Nitrogen Fixers 3. Human uses A. Help break down dead matter 2. Nitrogen Fixers Helps put nitrogen in the air 3. Human uses Food E.coli (intestines) Decomposing a seal Nitrogen fixer Intestines

F. Reproduction Binary Fission Conjugation Spore Formation Make exact copies Conjugation Swap DNA Spore Formation Form spores in tough times