Engineering T Cells to Functionally Cure HIV-1 Infection Rachel S Leibman, James L Riley  Molecular Therapy  Volume 23, Issue 7, Pages 1149-1159 (July 2015) DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.70 Copyright © 2015 American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Summary of gene-engineering and gene-editing strategies to functionally cure HIV-1 infection. A variety of antiviral proteins and antiviral RNAs have been intracellularly expressed in CD4 T cells to interfere with virus propagation early or late in the virus lifecycle, upon entry or in the nuclear or cytoplasmic stages of virus replication and virion assembly. Designer nucleases have been employed to disrupt expression of integrated proviruses and to generate HIV-resistant cells by knocking out the coreceptors required for virus entry. CD8 and CD4 T cells can be redirected to kill infected cells with HIV-specific TCRs and CARs. Immune-mediated control over HIV in the absence of HAART will likely require the protection of key CD4 T-cell helper subsets from HIV infection so that HIV-specific activation will result in effector functions including IL-2 and IL-21 production and expression of CD40 ligand. Molecular Therapy 2015 23, 1149-1159DOI: (10.1038/mt.2015.70) Copyright © 2015 American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy Terms and Conditions