Biochemistry LIFE Chemistry The of

Organic vs. Inorganic Is this what we are talking about??

What are we talking about? Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins

Organic vs. Inorganic Organic: with Carbon AND Hydrogen Inorganic: without Carbon AND Hydrogen Quiz

= GIANT Molecules Macromolecules monomers polymers Formed by the process of polymerization Making large compounds from smaller ones POLY….WHAT? monomers The small compounds are called: polymers The large compounds formed from polymerization are called:

The four groups of organic compounds Carbohydrates Lipids The four groups of organic compounds Nucleic Acids Proteins

Let’s begin with Energy! CARBOHYDRATES MAIN structural purposes Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms: ratio of 1:2:1 Used by living things as their source of Plants and some animals use carbohydrates for MAIN Energy! structural purposes

Carbohydrates Glucose molecule monomer Starch = POLYMER

Monosaccharides (simple sugars) all have the formula C6 H12 O6 all have a single ring structure (glucose is an example)

Disaccharides (double sugars) all have the formula C12 H22 O11 sucrose (table sugar) is an example Lactose (sugar in milk)

Polysaccharides Formed of three or more simple sugar units Glycogen - animal starch stored in liver & muscles Cellulose - indigestible in humans - forms cell walls Starches - used as energy storage

Single Sugar Molecules are also called: Monosaccharides Monosaccharides 1 sugar molecule Polysaccharides Large macromolecule of monosaccharides glycogen glucose fructose plant starch galactose cellulose

Four Groups of Organic Compounds in Living Things Biological Molecule Common Name Elements Present Uses by Living Things Monomer & Polymer Example Carbohydrates Monomer: Polymer: Lipids N/A Proteins Nucleic Acids

And, don't forget the STEROIDS Lipids Or, shall I say... FATS Waxes OILS And, don't forget the STEROIDS

What do you Think??? most are not Soluble in Water?? Fats are found mostly in… Oils and Waxes are found mostly in… most are not

Function of Lipids Store energy Protection Insulation Chemical Messengers

The fatty acids contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Glycerol There is at least 1 carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid

Saturated Fats (lipids) Saturated fats are commonly found in dairy products…milk and cheese Solid at room temperature Classified as fats in animals Another example: cholesterol

Unsaturated Lipids Liquid at room temperature Classified as oil in plants Example: vegetable oil, olive oil…

So, now we're talkin'.... Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids nucleic acid nucleotide Macromolecules that contain: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus The polymer, is formed from the monomer known as a . nucleic acid nucleotide Nitrogenous base Phosphate group 5- carbon sugar

So, what's the purpose of Nucleic Acids? Storing and transmitting hereditary (genetic information) Can you tongue roll? Guess what! Tongue rolling is genetic and determined by your DNA!!!!

Last, but not least ..... amino acid PROTEINS PROTEIN Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen amino acid Monomer = PROTEINS PROTEIN Polymer =

Amino Acids…the monomer of Proteins

The Function of Proteins… Control the rate of reactions…ENZYMES!! Regulate cell processes Form bones and muscles Transport substances into or out of cells Help fight disease