Chap. 2: Representative Carbon Compounds CH 2-1 Hydrocarbons & Characterizing sp3 carbon Introduction to organic functional groups Hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes) Characterizing sp3 carbons: 1o, 2o, 3o Hydrogen Deficiency Drawing Constitutional Isomers of Hydrocarbons Other Functional groups Introduction to organic compound structure identification and Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy

Hydrocarbons: Alkanes Hydrocarbons contain C & H only! •Alkanes are the “Saturated Hydrocarbons”(no pi bonds) CH4 C2H6 C3H8 CnH2n+2 • Tetrahedral geometry; sp3 hybridization • Have Constitutional Isomers

Characterizing sp3 Carbon Atoms Specific sp3 carbon atoms are classified to help us predict their chemical reactivity. Classification is based on the number of carbon atoms that are directly bonded to a specific sp3 carbon atom: -one carbon atom = primary (1o) -two carbon atoms = secondary (2o) -three carbon atoms = tertiary (3o) 1o 2o 3o 1o 1o

Hydrocarbons: Alkenes Alkenes are “Unsaturated Hydrocarbons” (Have pi bonds and a hydrogen pair deficiency). Each pi bond takes the place of 2H’s. Contain a carbon-carbon double bond: C2H4 C3H6 C4H8 CnH2n • Alkene carbons have planar geometry; sp2 hybridization • Have Constitutional Isomers • Have Geometric Isomers (cis & trans)

Hydrocarbons: Alkynes Alkynes are also “Unsaturated Hydrocarbons” and contain a carbon-carbon triple bond. The two pi bonds take the place of 4 H’s. C2H2 C3H4 C4H6 CnH2n-2 • Alkyne carbons have linear geometry; sp hybridization • “Terminal” vs “Internal” alkyne • Have Constitutional Isomers