What about the emotional side of sex? What factors make you more likely to abstain from sex? High intelligence Religious engagement Father presence Participation in service learning programs Approximately ¾ of males and ½ of females between 15 and 19 have had intercourse Average age for first intercourse is 16 for boys and 17 for girls Media + Alcohol Use + hormones = increase in teen sexual activity What about the emotional side of sex? Ability to form close, loving, and open relationships Intimacy ERIKSON Need to find identity first, before you can truly become intimate Development of intimacy precedes the development of identity.

Thus, it is likely that sexuality is biologically determined. Sexual Orientation An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own gender or the other gender. Homosexuality in men is 3-4% and in women is 1-2%. As members of a minority, homosexuals often struggle with their sexual orientation. How is Sexual Orientation Determined There has been NO evidence that sexuality is socially determined. Kids raised by gay parents are no more likely to be gay that if they were raised by hetero parents. Thus, it is likely that sexuality is biologically determined.

Prenatal Environment Biological Simon LeVay discovered that there is a cluster of cells in the hypothalamus that is larger in heterosexual men than in heterosexual women or homosexual men. However, the cluster could be socially developed or some other biological factor. If one identical twin is homosexual, the other twin has about a 50% chance of being gay (about 20% for fraternal twins). Prenatal Environment Current research seems to point to the hormonal levels in the prenatal environment.

Sexual Orientation: Biology

Changing Attitudes

Adulthood

Adulthood Early Adulthood – 20 – 35 years Middle Adulthood – 36 – 64 years Late Adulthood – 65 years and older

Early Adulthood Physical peak in the 20s – faster, stronger, better coordinated, more endurance Men focus on being independence, women on creating relationships with others

Physical Changes Physical decline is one of the first noticeable symptoms of aging. Decline in fertility. Menopause: The natural time in a woman's life when her menstrual cycles end. Happens around the age of 50 Men do not experience a cessation in fertility but the do experience a decline in sperm count. Middle Adulthood

The Last Developmental Problems You Will Face Some of the most obvious changes that occur with age affect physical abilities such as Vision Hearing Thinking, learning, and problem solving Memory Sexual functioning Social interaction Emotions 42

Late Adulthood Sensory Abilities Muscle strength, reaction times, stamina, vision, smell, and hearing decrease with age.

Cognitive Development Aging and Memory Better at recognition rather than recall tasks with age What we find is that recall (without cues…free response) is worse as we age than recognition (with cues…multiple choice). MEANINGFUL info easier to remember

Old Age: Alzheimer’s Disease The risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease also increases with age. Individuals who are in the early stages of this disease show more MRI activity in the brain than do normal individuals of the same age. Susan Bookheimer At risk Alzheimer Normal

Social Development As people enter their forties they enter middle adulthood and realize that their life has been mostly lived. Popular belief is that this stage this is troubling and may trigger a “mid-life crisis” or time of great struggle or regret. False! Not triggered by age but rather a major life event or change.

Social Development Major life events trigger transitions to new life stages, and psychologist use the term “social-clock” to discuss these stages. The social clock is the culturally preferred timing of social events, such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement. Social Clock has changed = changed events can change our lives Changes from culture to culture and era to era Midlife transition & midlife crisis Stereotype not usually true Social clock has changed “Chance events” can alter our lives

Social Development and Work Happiness stems from working in a job that fits your interests and provides you with a sense of competence and accomplishment. Charles Harbutt/ Actuality

Marriage and Divorce Divorce Erickson  key task in young adulthood Marriage and Intimate Relationships Erickson  key task in young adulthood 75% over 18yrs married 27 men, 25 women Living together before marriage makes you more likely to get divorce Majority marry in same ethnicity, level of education, social class, and religion Divorce Reasons: high expectations, abuse, infidelity, economics

Death and Dying Erikson believed that people in late adulthood need to maintain ego integrity, or the belief that life is meaningful and worthwhile even when physical abilities are not what they used to be. Time is limited and nothing lasts forever. We all must face death at some point in our lives. In the U.S., attitudes are tending more toward the inevitability of death and facing it with dignity.

Kubler-Ross Stages of Dying Denial Person feels the doctor made a mistake, doctors must have made a mistake Anger Person becomes resentful of and angry at those around him. Bargaining Person tries to bargain (with doctors and God) for more time. Depression Person comes to grips that death is inevitable but feels cheated. Acceptance Person accepts death as part of life and quietly makes necessary plans.

ROBOT CHICKEN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_Z3lmidmrY&noredirect=1